Pearl Harbor – Address to the Nation

In the United States back in 1941, the nation was already under stress. The nation survived the baby boom, but also just suffered the â€Å"Great Depression† which led American’s to being on their toes. The United States thirty-second president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, was elected for a third term in 1940. After a horrible decade; the Great Depression, Baby Boom, the Race Riots in Chicago and the Holocaust occurring in Germany, the United States was very permissive. In the year 1941, President Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act, which in turn allows the United States to aid allies in military supplies.On December 7th, 1941 a horrible even took place on Pearl Harbor, which is the Naval Base for the U. S. Pacific Fleet, which is located on southern coast of Oahu, Hawaii. The Japanese suddenly attacked the United States. On that cold December 7th day in 1941, Pearl Harbor was at it’s usual pace. From flying aircrafts to sailing military ships. Then the Japanese aircr aft planes launched bombers and torpedoes on Pearl Harbor. There were three separate waves executed for conquer against Pearl Harbor. Although the attack was unexpected at that time. All the facts were presented in a timely manner.In which the actions of the US military when they stopped shipments of airplanes, machine tools, parts, and aviation gasoline from China. The Japanese saw this as a hostile act. After the attacks from the Japanese the rises in fatalities was devastating to the Americans. About 2,402 military personnel were killed, 57 civilians killed, 1,247 military wounded, and 35 civilians wounded. This was the start of World War II. After the attacks on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt performed a speech to the American’s that he was called Pearl Harbor Address To the Nation, given on December 8th, 1941.This announcement was published in the United States under the watchful eye of the President, his cabinet members and the people of congress. The potential audie nce for this argument is the people of America. This is because one the attack occurred on US soil, two it would affect everyone as a whole nation, and three many people were involved in the military. FDR first gave a speech to Congress to declare war with Japan, and then later presented the speech with Congress by his side.

Relationship between Theory and Practice Essay

Cognitive development indicates growth of the ability to reflect and explain. Lev Semionovich Vygotsky and Jean Piaget were greatly contributed to the cognitive development section of Psychology. The way small kids discover surrounding environment and psychologically develop plays a key role in their learning processes and skills. By learning the process of cognitive development supervisors give themselves a chance to great extent meet the requirements of the individual demands of each separate child. Vygotsky and Piaget were considered to be constructivists. Constructivism is a method of training and learning based on the idea that cognition is the consequence of â€Å"psychological construction†. To put it differently, children obtain knowledge making compatible their previous experience and new fresh information. Constructivists believe that learning is influenced by the situation in which a concept is delivered also by children’s attitudes and values. Another common feature between Vygotsky and Piaget is that they both think that the limits of cognitive development were set by societal influences. Unfortunately, this is the point where the correspondence between Vygotsky and Piaget comes to an end. There is a great difference between both theories of highly indicated scientists. Piaget claimed that mental growth came from activity. He believed that students learn by means of communicating with their surroundings and that learning takes place after growth. On the other hand, Vygotsky held that knowledge takes place prior to the growth that can occur and that children learn because of history and symbolism. Vygotsky also claimed that students appreciate effort from their surrounding environment and from other people such as teachers and parents as well. Piaget did not consider the latter to be true. Vygotsky’s and Piaget concepts on cognitive development also have different attitudes. School systems and teachers have been practicing the cognitive development theories of Vygotsky and Piaget for quite a while. A good illustration of Piagentian training could be arranged in a preschool environment. Through the preschool period Piaget considers students as being at the Preoperational level and as a consequence they are more likely to be self-centered. Consequently, it would be fair to discuss things with preschool age children from their own points of view as they will feel their experiences are unique and precious. During classroom activities one student might say the glass of milk that another student brought to classroom to share is half empty while the student who brought the glass may consider the glass to be half full. Neither student is wrong in this example, the glass can be characterized by both descriptions but they may believe it due to the fact that each accordingly likes or dislikes milk. Application of Vygotsky’s cognitive development theory could occur in a first grade classroom. First grade children are frequently characterized by having varying stages of knowledge. Some students may already know letters and how to read while others are still making attempt to improve this process. An optimal option to assist the students who are not reading as well as the others includes ensuring these children aid speaking out a word when they get stuck while reading a text. With these preliminary considerations in mind it would be well to conclude that cognitive development plays a central part in learning and thinking approaches of students. Vygotsky and Piaget provide valuable knowledge and data into the possible ways students learn and by employing these concepts it is possible to design a more advantageous learning context for each student. To get deeper understanding of Vygotsky’s theory it would be useful to visit the web-site http://www. newfoundations. com/gallery/Vygotsky. html. It suggests a number of approaches provided by in-depth studies and research of the scientist. Vygotsky tries to find answers to questions such as â€Å"What is a human being? †, â€Å"What is knowledge? †, â€Å"What is learning? †, â€Å"What is society? †, or â€Å"Who is to be educated? †. One more web resource that provides valuable insight into the researches conducted by Piaget is http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/piaget. html. To apply theory into practice we may observe that preoperational stage includes symbolism which means that the child already understands parallel notions of objects. For instance, to develop business skills from the early age it would be very useful to set an activity where objects replace real things: paper instead of money, books instead of TV-sets to be sold, etc. These two particular web-sites were chosen because besides the theory itself they also include practice and illustrations. They describe how the results of the studies may be applied in learning and teaching processes.

Behavior Therapy in a Multicultural Setting

Behavioral approach is based on the principle of explaining one’s behavior through observation. Through observation an individual is able to mimic the behaviors of others – a process more commonly known as learning. It is further believed that behavior is affected by our environment. Since behavior is learned, it can also be unlearned. This is one of the benefits of the behavioral approach.Therefore, behavior which is harmful to the society or runs against socially accepted norms may still be unlearned. As for behavior which serves to improve the state of the person, such behavior can be enhanced.The process of learning and changing a person’s environment are strong tools of behavioral therapists enabling them to address the particular needs of their clients. There are four major aspects of behavior therapy – (1) classical conditioning, (2) operant conditioning, (3) social learning theory, and (4) cognitive behavior therapy. Classical conditioning is the u se of significant associations to moderate behavior. Operant conditioning is the use of consequences to alter the condition and form of behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy is based on altering mental processes and behaviors, with the aim of influencing disturbed emotions.These can be applied in the work because these methods are not culture-specific. In a culturally diverse population, all except the social learning approach can be used for counseling. Social learning theory gives prominence to the reciprocal interactions between an individual’s behavior and the environment. This theory requires that individuals mimic observed actions after undergoing a process of understanding and internalizing the observed behavior. Since people coming from different cultures are exposed to different kinds of accepted behaviors, their internalization and understanding of social norms are also different.When counseling multi-racial individuals therefore, a view as to the particular culture from which the individuals came from must be taken. References Dayan, P. , Kakade, S. , & Montague, P. R. (2000). Learning and selective attention. Nature Neuroscience 3, 1218 – 1223. Kirsch, I. , Lynn, S. J. , Vigorito, M. & Miller, R. R. (2004). The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning. Journal of Clinical Psychology 60, 369 – 392. McSweeney, F. K. , Hinson, J. M, & Cannon, C. B. (1996). Sensitization-habituation may occur during op

Secular America - Pharisees of the New Millennium Assignment

Secular America - Pharisees of the New Millennium - Assignment Example Secularization has been at the core of America’s founding as a nation. Religion has been given a minor role and influenced by the Founding Fathers based on the fundamental fact that it is against rational thinking and that it provides a less valid way of understanding reality, at least, in comparison with the humanist perspective, science, among other social institutions. According to Ostwalt (2003), this phenomenon gained traction sometime in the 1960s when the prevalent thought was religion as something that controls and manipulates and that freedom from it is an ideal way of life, a form of enlightenment for humanity (2). Morrison (1948) observed that the core liberalism in America emerged proposing a radical criticism of the Christian faith in light of modern culture instead of proposing a radical criticism of modern culture in the light of Christian faith (87). This came with his discourse that posited how Protestantism, the dominant religion in America, has embraced mode rn culture so that most of its components appeared to be sanctioned and ended up secularizing the American public life (Smith, 2003, 303).  Today, even with the aggressive initiatives on the part of religious authorities, to reverse or counter the influence of secularization, there is very little impact achieved. This can be attributed to several fundamental reasons. One of these is that argument that states how many forces of secularization are identified with the values of Romanticism, the Renaissance in addition to the Enlightenment and scientific revolutions, which have been encouraged by the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Church itself (Norman, 2007, 32). The idea is that these phenomena and institutions created social constructs that established the platform and environment in which secularization took root, thrived and flourished.

The internationalization of Cambridge Satchel Company Essay

The internationalization of Cambridge Satchel Company - Essay Example The paper tells that the services and products of the business are designed so that they can easily be adaptable to different culture and languages. This is one potential strategy that is being utilized increasingly by organizations to increase profits margin, increase their market share, maximize their size, and become the industry leader. It is the core attribute to the ongoing strategy process of many business firms which determines the development that is going on and change in the international firm in terms of scope, values, business ideas, principles, action orientation, converging of norms and nature of work. All these aspects of the process of strategy are related to the international dimension and thus the firm becomes ‘Transnational’. In the global competition, it is crucial for the firm to be transnational and internationalization process mainly focuses on the individual firm’s development on its integration, gradual acquisition, and use of knowledge a bout foreign operations and markets. The decision of internationalization by a firm is specifically to acquire profits. The first internationalization of The Cambridge Satchel Company was the opening of the opening of the first physical store in New York at 31 James Street. The 3,239 sq ft opened on the 7th October 2014. Deane’s kids were her motivation to starting and internationalizing the business that she started with her mother in 2008 when she needed to raise adequate money to transfer her daughter who was eight by then away from bullies to a private school. All this was possible because Deane was a focused businesswoman. The Cambridge Satchel Company had just secured $21m of funding that came from Index Ventures, the venture capitalist that is backing the online fashion retailers Asos, Nasty Gay and Net-a-Porter as well as technology companies like Dropbox and SoundCloud. This was the first ever funding of the company and they had never taken on any debt either, althou gh she was tight-lipped regarding how much was bought by equity index. It was not easy to give away a portion of the company but after two years of careful thought. It took long for to convince herself that she could actually find somebody who could exactly be she felt was necessary for her brand.

Stakeholder Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stakeholder Approach - Essay Example This paper explains the needs assessment and the procedure involved and also what entails stakeholder approach. Each of the named individual and groups has varying roles and interests in the organization. Owners are interested in the profit function of the particular business. They also have a bigger say on the decisions of the key objectives. If in any case the owners only major their interest on the profits and do not consider the wages of employees they may end up losing very skilled personnel. Managers on the other hand are interested with their pay. Employees are also concerned since they desire to see the organization prosper so that their job is secured and their wages increased. Customers on the other hand want the organization to produce quality products at fair and affordable prices. If for instance any business does not pay attention to the needs of their customers, it may end up losing sales to their competitors. The Community gains since the local people are the ones who are employed but is also concerned with how the operations of the organization affect the local environment. Stakeholder analysis refers to variety of techniques and ways that are used in identifying and understanding the needs and expectations of all major parties that is both in the inside and the outside of an organization. This plays a major role in planning for any projects and training process. In any proposed project there happens to be supporters as well as opponents. Understanding the interrelationships between these two parties is necessary in project implementation and the systematic planning involved. It is therefore important to analyze stakeholder’s interests despite the sides they are in that are for the opponents and supporters. Some of the reasons as to why it is important to identify and analyze stakeholder’s interests are: (1) Achievement of fair deals. This is because all the

Business and cultural differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business and cultural differences - Essay Example But this expansion also needs to recognize the culture of the people. The way the people dress, different ways for analyzing problems and how they interact are very important to understand in order to find the communication gap between the nations. Without proper communication several problems may arise due to difference in the cultural practices. In this study we will find the differences between the cultural backgrounds of UK and that of the acquisition company at China. Several issues which could arise within the organization due to cross cultural activities have been discussed in this study in order to successfully deal with any potential issues (Burton, 2009, p.8). 2 Cultural differences between United Kingdom and China The culture of the nation is often defined from the collective programming of the different minded people. The cultural differences are basically formed from four dimensions of the culture of a nation. These are basically power distance, individualism, masculinit y and uncertainty avoidance. Based on these factors the culture of the nation varies to a great extent from country to country. 2.1 Power Distance Index The power distance index is the indicative of the distance between the top management and the subordinates. In high power distance culture they have inequality of power and wealth in the society. This is not forced on the population but comes from the cultural heritage of the country. China has a highly power distance culture which is ranked 80 compared to the world average of 55, while in UK it’s around 30. Therefore in China the people maintain a great distance in different levels of the organization which sometimes leads to an unfriendly workspace with professional relation being the priority in business. Every employee is not free to express their feelings and they are not allowed to take any business decision. The top management are only responsible to take critical decisions in the business. In UK business strategy, the supervisors are well mixed with the subordinates thus creating a very friendly and healthy workspace since the power is well distributed and dew to very small distance between the levels everyone is invited to share their own thoughts on the business plans. The business plans are taken after discussion with all the levels of the organization. Every individual are encouraged to share their ideas and before taking final decision by top management the suggestions from subordinates are kept in mind. 2.2 Individualism Individualism is working with single responsibility and without interacting with peers in the organization. On the other hand collectivism is working in groups and taking decision collectively without questioning loyalty. Individualist business organisation has very little ties between individual employees. Due to the ancient cultural heritage of China the family or relation are between peoples in the society are very strong and the people are very loyal towards each other . Collectivism is the practice in China society who have a close and committed members in the group be it a family or a business. Everyone takes

Hobbies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hobbies - Article Example I love McDonalds, and Starbucks is my home away from home. Some people like to collect to stamps, some like to paint'..I like to eat. Simple! I have yet another hobby that most people aren't aware off. I'm a serial killer!! Yes I'm the same person who some people and even animals are afraid off. Yes...and that's because I kill mosquitoes. I have a record hunting spree of killing 103 mosquitoes in a single hour. I kill by the dozen and that too with my bare hands. And I enjoy it. Weird right' Well that's me! Oh I left the favorite hobby of mine for the last. This is the most normal hobby that I have and it's a kind of hobby that most people have. Yes I'm talking about reading books. Bookworm sounds too nerdy, yet if it had been something cool, I would be a a proud bookworm. But obviously I read E-books. Harry Potters, Lord of the Rings, Stephan Kings, Dan Browns'.you name it and I most probably would have read it. I suppose you weren't expecting such a normal hobby from me, right' Wel l, I have to say it again'that's me '

Iran's Foreign Policy Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Iran's Foreign Policy - Research Proposal Example The election of President George Bush in 2000 dampened these hopes as he left moderate Iranians puzzled by his demonizing of Iran and the inclusion of the country in the 'axis of evil' along with North Korea (Katz, 2005, p.59). This set the stage for the election of the conservative Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, an Islamic nationalist that is suspicious of the US and capitalist countries, and has increased the tensions between the countries and elevated the risk of direct confrontation (Pirouz & Reed, 2005). The possibility that Iran may have a nuclear weapons program has made them a threat to the national security of the US. Iran poses a significant threat to the US national security from Islamic extremists that have considerable influence on the Iranian government. This has placed the advocates of a 'Holy War' against the United States in a position to disrupt trade or Iran's vital supply of petroleum. Regional disputes could spill over into Iran and involve a nation that may have nuclear capability. The current administration has professed the belief that Iran is going to get a nuclear weapon or the necessary resources to build one sometime in the near future (Sagan, 2006). If the US administration believes that Iran poses a significant economic or military threat there is a risk of the US taking preemptive action to prevent Iran from destabilizing the region or the world economy. The last 60 years have seen considerable swings in our relations with Iran. In 1951 Iranian Premier Ali Razmara, who was open to trade and favorable relations with the West, was assassinated and replaced by Mohammad Mossadeq. Mossadeq was a hardliner that planned to nationalize the country's oil reserves and limit the power of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, a pro-western Shah (Chronology US-Iran relations, 2005). In 1953 a joint operation between the CIA and British intelligence overthrew the Mossadeq regime in a military coup that put the Shah into power (Chronology US-Iran relations, 2005). This began a period of favorable relations with Iran that lasted until the Shah's removal in the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The Iranian Revolution was accompanied by the taking of the American embassy and the kidnapping of its occupants in Tehran. This resulted in the Carter administration implementing sanctions against Iran and an embargo on Iranian oil. In 1995, Clinton banned all trade with Iran. These tough sanctions were temporarily eased as companies were allowed to sell food and medical supplies in 1999 (Chronology US-Iran relations, 2005). The current US policy has labeled Iran a terrorist nation and in 2002 Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld stated that Iran was responsible for, " inspiring and financing a culture of political murder and suicide bombing" (as cited in Chronology US-Iran relations, 2005). This policy has continued with tougher sanctions and a policy of non-negotiations. The Bush administration has continued to escalate the rhetoric against Iran and Iran has responded by taking provocative military actions against the US and British interests in the region. This has led to the curren t policy of economically and politically isolating Iran in an effort to get them to curb their nuclear ambitions (Katzman, 2007, p.2). Faced with a hostile nation that may possess a nuclear weapon in the near future highlights the importance of having an effective policy in regards to

Impact of Uninsured Population Project PART TWO & FINAL Essay

Impact of Uninsured Population Project PART TWO & FINAL - Essay Example With more and more states, Texas included, passing laws making it illegal for immigrants here without papers to receive benefits, medical insurance becomes unavailable for these individuals and their families. Illegal immigrants coming into Texas are young and healthy workers, but as years pass, these workers have children, and grow older. This makes illegal immigrants have the same medical needs as average Americans. However, because of their illegal status, many of these individuals put off routine health care. Wolf (2008) suggests â€Å"For many illegal immigrants, the fear of deportation outweighs the pain of illness or injury, so they live with their afflictions rather than seeking help until their health problems become critical.† An example would by high blood pressure. Most Americans go to the doctor and are placed on medication. An illegal immigrant will live with high blood pressure until they have a heart attack or stroke. Wolf (2008) explains â€Å"Illegal immigrants can get emergency care through Medicaid, the federal-state program for the poor and people with disabilities. But they cant get non-emergency care unless they pay. They are ineligible for most other public benefits.† Since medical care is so high, many immigrants can only receive care through the emergency room. The organization that will be affected by the uninsured Texas illegal immigrants would be the taxpayers of Texas first and foremost, but then the emergency rooms around the state taking these individuals in. Money does not grow on trees. If the state of Texas runs out of money allotted for medical expenses for the uninsured, or with the new legislation passed making it illegal to give undocumented immigrants benefits, the hospitals take up the slack. Then hard choices must be made. Wolf (2008) states â€Å"The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston is considering denying cancer care to

Week 8 Question 1 Venture Capital Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 Question 1 Venture Capital - Assignment Example The company was making plans of launching new products and required a significant amount of money and venture capital was the best option for the company (Metrick & Yasuda, 2010). The venture capitalists that funded the operations of the company were mainly from the field of healthcare. Castlight Health Inc. stands to gain from the venture capital because it is yet to go public and at that time it would have expanded its operations which translate to higher profits. †¢Assess the challenges for businesses using the resources of a venture capitalist, given that significant returns on the investment are likely to be impacted by the firm. Indicate how a business can manage these expectations. Provide support for your rationale. The main disadvantage of venture capital is that it requires a very short time in generating cash. This puts a lot of financial pressure on the company and this may interfere with its daily operations. There is also the element of loss of control because the venture capitalist has made significant financial contributions in the operations of the company (Haislip, 2010). They venture capitalist may insist on appointing a representative on the management of the company. However, the business can manage the challenges by drafting an agreement to a number of restrictions as part of the deal. This includes the amount of cash to be paid and the number of people to be involved in the management team (Gladstone & Gladstone,

Hallstead Case Essay Example for Free

Hallstead Case Essay 1.)The breakeven point in number of sales has risen along with the breakeven point in sales dollars from 2003 to 2006. The margin of safety has decreased as well. Every year they have to increase the number of sales tickets then the previous year to meet their breakeven point. After 2004 when expansion of the store begun, Hallstead’s fixed cost have grown each year. The decrease from 2004 to 2006 is far less substantial than from 2003 to 2004. This damage is cause by the stores expansion. It is renting a much larger space down the street from its previous location. This has incurred much lager expenses each year then in than prior to 2004. 2.)Yes, the company’s income would increase. The new breakeven point in sales dollars would be approximately $6.03 million. 3.)Eliminating sales commission would have a huge effect on the breakeven volume. If they follow through with Gretchen’s idea of eliminating sales commission their expenses would decrease a great deal each year. They would not have to make nearly as many sales to breakeven. Although this could have an adverse effect on the sales volume. Employees will not be nearly as aggressive in making sales because it will not affect their personal income. Employees could act disapprovingly towards this new measure, affecting the bottom line negatively in the long run. 4.)If Hallstead added an additional $200,000 to advertising each year they would have to increase the sales volume considerably, that’s if they decide not to do away with sales commission. 5.)Average sales would have to increase over $24 to break even if fixed costs remained the same. 6.)I would recommend that Hallstead Jewelers listen to the consultant that suggested price reduction to increase sales. I believe this would be a smart move because with the new store they have room for more sales then the previous location so upping sales numbers is an important step. If reducing sales doesn’t help improve the bottom line, I would then suggest that they eliminate sales commission. Although this as been an important part of business, eliminating sales commission would greatly decrease their yearly expense. I think adding advertising after their recent move is extremely important. Although it is a $200,000 expense, it could increase sales significantly. These are my suggestions for Hallstead Jewelers

Stryker Corporation Business Analysis

Stryker Corporation Business Analysis Introduction The purpose of this project is to analyze an established company. The report will provide brief background of the company and its culture, critical analysis of a venture and its key people, core business model and business opportunities. The reader will be able to see the analysis of the most recent entrepreneurial thing that company did and major issues within the organization. In conclusion there will be a methodical critic from an entrepreneurial prospective provided that leads to the possible solutions for future. Company Description Stryker Corporation is a medical technology business that develops and manufactures medical implants, surgical technologies, emergency medical and patient handling equipment as well as execution beds of the death penalized people. They make their best effort by cooperating with their customers to run effective healthcare method and bring healthy lives back to the patients. They do not just make a product, but they also provide service to help people. Stryker is broadly based all round the world and is divided into numerous decentralized operational units, each performing as a detached entity: Stryker Biotech, Stryker Canada, Stryker Communications, Stryker Craniomaxillofacial, Stryker Development, Stryker Endoscopy, Stryker Imaging, Stryker Japan, Stryker Latin America, Stryker MedSurg, Stryker Orthopaedics and Stryker Spine. Venture is built on sustainability, creating a long-term contribution in responsible manner to patients, suppliers and buyers, communities, corporate governance and stakeholders. Its products, locations and service contributions are diverse; hence there are different types of motions within medical business that fully outline their social responsible behavior. Stryker was founded by Dr. Homer Stryker in 1941, an orthopedic doctor that investigated and designed new mechanisms. His inventions led Stryker to slowly integrate into the business and starting to gain capital Stryker was at the level of a small but well-built company. One invention after another and Stryker capitalized more assets that gave a lift to expansion and in 1964 the name of the company was changed to Stryker Corporation. Characteristics of the business opportunities In the middle of 19th century it was relatively easy to enter medical industry due to minimal amount of competition, thus nowadays analyzing Five Forces Approach it is barely impossible to do so, regarding the fact that rivalry among existing firms is too high. Company started operating in 1940s, before the beginning of World War 2, in their pre-mature stage of development Stryker has had a big boom in their demand. Dr. Homer Stryker was in the right place, at the right time. Concerning ventures clearly defined opportunity, it can be stated that Stryker was never eager to gain a pot, he was interested in improving peoples lives, thus taking risks. It can be clearly seen from a quote made by Ronda Stryker, Dr.Homers granddaughter: My grandpa was innovative and took risks. He was always trying to improve what he had and cared more about helping people than he cared about the money he made (Stryker, 2009). In the last century it was a great opportunity to start medical business that was weakly developed and unexamined, taking into consideration the fact that you would be willing to spend a lot of your capital on Research and development to progress. Core business model Next part describes Strykers core business model by using the business model canvas which clearly states the main points which should be included in a Business Model. Key Partners: The main partners of Stryker Corp. are mainly the employees since they are the ones selling the products. The company attaches a major importance to the close relationship between employees and clients. The main objectives for the employees is to understand the clients needs and to provide them with what they want, but also since the employee is so closely related to the guest he is also the one being innovative by suggesting new ideas in order to totally fulfill clients demand. The clients represent key partners as well. They are mainly independent hospitals and surgery centers. Stryker Corp. works with these healthcare centers in order for them to help patients in the most efficient way. Competitors are also among the key partners. There are major and smaller competitors. Of course Stryker Corp. has an advantage since it was one of the first movers in this industry and it is always focusing on improving quality, service and innovation. Stryker Corp. has very strong established network with its suppliers. Company pays a lot of attention on maintaining these relationships in order to ensure smooth running of business. Key Activities: The main activity of Stryker Corp. is sales of medical equipment such as hospital beds, operating room devices and medical devices. The company has a very strong sales force since their employees work on commission, which highly motivates them to perform better. Stryker Corp. states that their sales approach is focusing on personal relationships with individual decision makers. The company also attaches an importance on marketing and Research and development activities, since the main aim of the business is to always be innovative and to come up with new products and communicate those products effectively to their customers. In order to do so, Stryker has participated in advertisement campaigns over the past few years. Company also provides its customers with a very detailed website. Another key activity is maintaining close relationship between the employee and the customer that helps them retain most of these customers and make sure that the world of healthcare is aware of what Stryker Corp. is providing. Key resources: Here, once again, the main resource of the company is its employees. For Stryker Corp. it is important to hire people who share the same vision as to improve patients lives as well as clinical efficiency and effectiveness. The company makes sure to provide them with a safe working environment, strong benefits, services compensation and personal growth opportunities. Stryker has received the Gallup workplace Award which ranks them at the top working places on the world (Stryker, 2009). Another key resource for the company is its knowledge and innovation. Over the past year Stryker Corp. has spent a considerable amount into research and development in order to always come up with the latest technology and the most performing products. Other key resources are assets of the company, its technology, products and capital resources. One of the most important resources is the brand of the venture. All of the resources are required to deliver the value proposition to the target group. Value Proposition: Stryker Corp. focuses on having the highest quality standards in order to offer the best products to its customers. The following are the factors that Stryker relies on: product quality, performance criteria and price. Company wants to offer the top products in the and also the service that goes with it. In order to do so, employees receive special training programs that help them understand clients needs and demands and how to be able to fulfill them is the most efficient way. The design of products has to be made to reduce risks, enhance health and safety, but also to able the doctors to work faster and be more efficient. As mentioned above for Stryker Corp. value of its product is one of the main factors they focus on. Customer Relationship: Compared to other companies, Stryker Corp. has a very close relationship with their customers. This is done to understand them better and to be able to offer them what they are looking for. By having such a close relation clients feel special and they become loyal to the company. As the CEO, Mr. Macmillan mentioned, We dont just make products, we make products and we provide services that help people (Stryker, 2009). In this industry the relation between customers and business is of a high importance, since together they can create more advanced products which will contribute in healthy lives of millions of people worldwide. Customer Segments: Stryker Corp.s target market is known to be the medical professionals and healthcare providers that represent a very high scale demand. That is why the company is operating all around the world to stay the number one provider of medical and healthcare devices. Channels: Stryker operates through twelve manufacturing and distributions divisions with over 15,000 employees in 120 countries. Stryker has a decentralized system, with its headquarters in the U.S. and several offices around the world, which allows the company to make faster decisions about products and strategies. There is a direct communication between the company, suppliers and customers to make sure to provide them with fast and efficient services. Revenue Streams: Stryker Corp.s main revenues are from its sales of medical devices. As mentioned before, the company is divided into several departments the one with the highest revenue being orthopedics. The company itself had sales of 6.7 billion dollars in 2008, with an annual sales growth of 21%. Stryker is traded on the NYSE, it is one of the fortune 400 companies in the world and top 50 Company in the Business Week. Cost Structure: The main costs of Stryker Corp. are mainly allocated in the Research and development segment. Company decided to invest mainly in this segment since it always wants to be the leading healthcare provider and it is highly important to keep up with the technology and to always try to improve the healthcare system. Innovation, risk-taking and pro-activity of the venture and its key people Stryker Corp. is committed to the product quality and highly values innovation. Innovation is the essence of companys dedication to their clients. Research and development teams are working closely with the customers in order to understand their needs better and improve the products. The important part of innovation process is the feedback from people that is conducted periodically. The Stryker Global Technology Center is a core division that is working to boost the innovation to reduce costs while increasing quality. The key person in this area is Ray Umber, Ph.D., business development manager at Stryker. He came up with several innovative ideas that led Stryker to the top place in certain industry segments and now he giving others an opportunity to learn from his experience through training and practice (Stryker , 2009). From the time when the company was established it is obvious that risk-taking is a big part of all operations. Initial risks are connected directly to the risky nature of the industry. One of the most recent examples of risk-taking was the decision to change the vision of the company after many years of operating. There are also risks associated with decisions of expanding the business through acquisitions, joint ventures and partnerships. Over the time line of Stryker Corp. it is evident how pro-active the venture is. Acquisitions play a big role in companys expansion. Stryker Corp. strategically grows into related industries to increase its products offering and get access to new resources and technologies. Over last year company acquired numerous ventures that are important investments for future success. This is also a high risk, since acquisitions require big amount of capital expenditures. Based on the financial situation in the world due to the 2008 crisis, such decisions can be seen as risky. However, Stryker orients on long-term strategy where these acquisitions are important. Proactive programs are also taking place on the smaller level inside the company. Last year, Stryker Corp. presented the program Proactive Distributor Selling that gives managers the opportunity and capacity to better develop, manage, and coach distributor relationships to maximize sales training results (n.a., 2009). Proactive approach is seen throughout all divisions of the company, from supply chains, manufacturing to sales. Company is adapting changes all the time with a goal of improving operations and value of the business. The present CEO of Stryker Corp., Stephen MacMillan is a perfect example of a proactive leader. He leads the company through a change time, explains the reasons and future moves, motivates people to adapt and react to these changes. Traits and characteristics associated of the companys key people There are three key people throughout the history of Stryker Corp.: three CEOs who led the company to the success and who had different traits and characteristics, which makes them successful entrepreneurs. First person who deserves an acknowledgement is the first CEO, Dr. Homer Stryker. He was the one who started the company being driven by his passion and interest in improving patients care. He was a very innovative person, many of his ideas became standards in the industry of medical equipment nowadays. During his work as a surgeon he encountered few problems and difficulties that he saw as opportunities for improvement. One of the main reasons of his success and success of his product was the fact that he was doing what he liked, what he was passionate about. He believed that his inventions will change the medical practice in a better way. He knew how to look at his business from customers perspective, therefore his products were always a match of their needs. Due to his achievements Stryker Corp. grew and became an international producer of medical equipment and surgical products. Second remarkable person is John Brown. His time as the CEO of a company was notable by quite different achievements than his predecessor. John Brown was a risk-taker, he made decisions to decentralize the company after many years being centralized. He saw big future for Stryker Corp. and this step was necessary at the time. He was a good planner who knew how to motivate people by giving them empowerment and responsibilities. Under his management members of the sales team got possibilities to get involved into creation of innovative products due to their good knowledge of customers. His 20% forever rule led the company to the new heights. John Brown built up the competitive advantage for Stryker Corp. that still serves the company. He had an ability to foresee, to manage company wisely, he kept the company going towards success. One of the key people in the company today and the example of successful entrepreneur is Stephen MacMillan, the present CEO of Stryker Corp. He wants to move the company further and expand its operating field. He is passionate about raising the level and often exceeds his own ambitious goals. As well as John Brown he took a risky decision of changing the vision of the company. This is a fundamental change that takes a lot of hard work to ensure success. For Stephen MacMillan, its all about coaching his team to stay ahead of the pack (Much, 2006). He has a great ability to motivate people, to manage companys resources wisely, plan everything one step ahead. He creates a positive image for Stryker Corp., gets involved in companys affairs and builds solid reputation for himself and company as a whole. Companys culture, values, vision and mission Stryker Corp. is the global leader in medical technology industry with the long history of success and strongly established culture. Success of the venture lays in discipline, stamina, ability to recognize the opportunities in the market, move quickly and adapt to current changes. Furthermore, culture differs from company to company and it is usually established naturally. Every time when people come together with the shared purpose culture is created. Stryker Corp.s culture was changing throughout the past, different set of values and incentives were created for employees, with aim to increase the overall financial performance of the company and bring back the benefits to patients, shareholders, community and its employees. Today they are focused on innovation, improving the quality of the products in order to build up trust and integrity. According to their mission statement: What matters most to us and to our customers is quality innovation and cost. Those are three areas how we are delivering for today and investing in future (Stryker, 2009). Companys strong financial and leadership position put the expectation for its products even higher and according to that company has to find the way to exceed customer expectations. Moreover, one of the core values and components in the Stryker Corp.s culture is sustainability. Organization believes in making differences by partnering with their customers and providing them effective healthcare system in order to improve health of their patients. It has built up strong believes and attitudes with their employees that present the essence for their future expansion. According to Striker Corp. they do not just make products our technologies, solutions and services are focused on improving the peoples life (Stryker, 2009). They strive to develop and manufacture products that could sustain the environment and its resou rces. With being sustainable in such a demanding and vigilant industry where the space to make mistake is highly minimized, companys sustainable commitment and responsibility is placed on the highest level. One of the key values is being Social Responsible Corporation in everything what business does. Venture acts as corporate citizen with strong commitment to the patient care by producing the safe products, high quality instrumentation and implants, seeking to minimize the negative effect on the environment, supporting the humanitarian missions and improving quality of life for patients. Building up the trust with customers and patients is everything what social responsibility is. Moreover, vision statement that presents the power tool to retain people with constant shared values was changing in the past with Stryker Corp. as well. Today Stryker Corp. emphasizes on ethics and their vision is: producing products which improve the lives of patients, providing employees with a challenging and rewarding work environment, supporting the communities in which we operate, and generating exceptional returns for our shareholders (Stryker , 2009). Stryker Corp. is not just profit oriented as it used to be before. Now the essential part of its success is the fact that company became more efficient and sociable responsible. Stryker is everything what entrepreneurship is. It was found by Dr. Homer Stryker and his innovative idea that enabled Stryker to be become what it is today, the leader in medical technology. Stryker Corp. involves sense of innovation and constant risk taking that is associated on the daily basis since it is operating in a very sensible environment. Evaluation of failures Stryker Corp. is a strong believer in ethics and bringing the special spirit within its people to compete, make changes and win over the long term. Because of their strong reputation in such sensitive industry, where one mistake or product defect could leave undesired consequences on their image and brand, failures are not tolerated. Taking the case of Surgical Navigation System, where there was a reasonable probability that a product could cause health problems or even create consequences leading to death, Stryker Corp. recalled the product and stopped its usage. This gave the company bad publicity, but it responded fast by pulling out all products from the market and arranging repair for all of them. Very important fact is that in this case Stryker Corp. assumed its responsibility and closely cooperated with public, special control agencies and auditors. After this company became even more cautious and increased safety and security measurements in order to minimize the risks and pr event negative impacts that can decrease their performance in a demanding and competitive market. Recent entrepreneurial thing Apart from the fundamental change of the companys vision that was discussed earlier, one of the main changes, which happened within Stryker Corp. in 2009, was that the Stryker legend, John W. Brown, retired from the board of directors. As mentioned previously he was one of the biggest influences towards the growth of the company. With his retirement the company decided to hire two more directors to replace his position in the board. One of the new members, Mr. Howard Lance is a former chairman, President and CEO of Harris Corporation, which based its operations mainly on telecommunications. The reason for this recruitment was to use his experience and knowledge within the Hong Kong market, where he has lived and worked since Strykers 2010 goal was to expand in the Chinese market. The second gentleman, Mr. Srikant Datar is a former professor of Harvard Business School, who already brings new perspectives towards the team, especially towards the emerging markets. However, mainly his responsibility will lie in bringing new entrepreneurial ideas towards the bio-tech field of the company. The reason this recruitment is the most entrepreneurial thing the company did in the past year is because it will bring a new perspective and help the company grow stronger in the years ahead. Since the company is currently facing consequences of the economic crisis something entrepreneurial had to be organized in order for the company to differentiate from the competition and persuade to their goal of being number one in the medical industry. Idea of hiring a former telecommunication CEO might not seem much related to the medical industry, but from an entrepreneurial side of view it brings new ideas and risks, which will lead the company towards growth. Major problem in the venture The major problem area not for Stryker Corp. only, but also for majority of organizations around the world, is the crisis. Looking at previous years, Stryker has always had a significant growth rate, even in 2007 and 2008. In 2009, however, it changed. Stryker only managed a growth rate of 0.1% in sales and 4% in earnings per share. As Mr. MacMillan states in the 2009 annual report, Clearly, this is not the kind of revenue and earnings growth our shareholders have historically expected from us, and we will never be satisfied with delivering results like these (Stryker, 2009), indicating that these numbers are not up to the satisfaction level in order to meet their goals. On the other hand he also states that 2009 felt more like a boxing match. We went toe-to-toe with a volatile global economy, rolled with some marketplace punches, moved quickly and battled back (Stryker, 2009). Here he is describing how tough the year was for the company in terms of keeping it up to the level expecte d by the shareholders. The crisis itself is the major problem. But within the crisis, sub-problems are found such as the fact that it leaves the market place in an unstable condition, where customers are afraid to buy products. The most common solution is to produce more effectively and lower the costs. Stryker Corp. did just that. The problem was that the quality decreased. The FDA (Food Drug Administration) has through the years become stricter in regulating the medical industry and this affected Stryker Corp. by receiving three warning letters upon their quality on products. The complaints mainly address their biotech and hip implant sector. Company was also accused for falsified hospital documentation, which is not just a quality problem, but becomes a PR problem. Competition is also a major indicator in the problem of reducing your costs. The medical industry is highly competitive industry, especially when it comes to innovations that increase quality and safety. Innovations, on the other hand, requi re big capital expenditures. To stay competitive Stryker Corp. had to further invest in this sector. The last problem in the year 2009 is that Stryker Corp. has some elements of a decentralized company (recent organization is hybrid between centralized and decentralized structure), which makes it difficult to carry out the same plan towards fighting the crisis in all operating countries. Possible solution and evaluation The next step in the problem analysis is to identify possible solutions towards the problem in order to achieve better results in 2010. The suggestions are listed below: Keep the operations as they are, since the market will grow by itself in 2010. Increase expenses on improving the quality Decrease production costs in order to decrease price Fully centralize the company Invest more in innovations to improve competitive advantage Hire a consultant, who can ensure the quality of the products being produced Increase PR spending to increase the companys image In order to find best-match solution, all of them need to be evaluated. The first point can be good, if their market analyst is correct. On the other hand, the market is unpredictable in most cases, therefore, the company would undertake a risk by following this statement of growth. Thus, first option is not a valid solution to the problem. Second possible solution based on the fact that quality was the major sub-problem that arose from the crisis and it is vital to ensure both PR and customer loyalty. Therefore, this option should be considered. Next alternative outlines a theory that is a must do to any companys future success. Decreasing production cost should always be a big part in order to achieve economies of scale, but decreasing that should not be a reason for decreasing the price, because once the recession will come to an end, the company will benefit more from not having changed the price. Solution number 4 is an absolute no-go solution. A major change such a centralizing the company in the times of crisis will just bring more trouble and confusion then there is already. In addition, if the communication is strong, the decision making towards changes in the market will be perceived much faster in a decentralized company or hybrid. Alternative number 5 is probably not the best solution in this case. In the times of crisis there is no need to further increase spending on innovations and most likely that competitors will not do it either since every company is trying to manage their expenses wisely. However, it does not mean that innovation segment must be neglected since it is one of the key elements in this industry. The most reasonable solution is number 6 in terms of sustaining the quality of the products produced and redistributed. It is always helpful to have someone from outside the company to give opinions upon the products and basic operations. Last alternative would also not contribute towards the major challenge of fighting the crisis, since it would mean more expenditure, which indirectly contributes to growth. To finalize upon the options analyzed above, the recommendation for Stryker Corp. would be to hire a consultant and continuously try to decrease costs. The consultant would ensure higher quality and ultimately increase in companys image since fewer customers would have complaints upon the products. In addition, with consultants help, reduced number or no warning letters from the FDA can be achieved. In order to come back to the growth expected by shareholders, our recommendation is to continuously decrease costs and thereby achieve economies of scale. Conclusion Stryker Corp. is a major company in the worlds medical device industry and not an individual business anymore, as it is seen from entrepreneurial perspective. However, its key people and their activities are remarkable from this point of view. This venture has an organized structure, clear goals and objectives that drive company towards continuous growth. Based on evaluation of core business model and major problems that Stryker Corp. has today, there are still many business opportunities that can be undertaken and recommendations provided will contribute in the future success.

The Implications For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay

The Implications For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay What are the implications for social work practice? What more can social work as a profession do to actively promote an education agenda for looked after children? What might an individual social worker do? There is an inherent barrier between social workers and looked after children and young people. This has been formed over time because of a number of factors, firstly the turnover of staff makes it near impossible for children and young people to form relationships with the social worker, reducing their confidence in discussing issues that may be of a great concern to them. The status alone of a social workers can prevent some children from wanting to discuss matters because of the societal stigma attached to having a social worker. The stigma is not something that social workers alone as professionals can eliminate, society can and only when society accepts that social workers are doing positive work, and start to learn about the positive work they are doing, through the media and other resources. Then we can start to break down the stigma attached to social workers and enable all individuals to have the confidence of discussing issues with their social worker. Staff turnovers within children services have been high and highlighted in the media on numerous occasions (ref). To reduce the turnover, staff need to feel confident in the work they are conducting and safe from media scrutiny when the problems lie out of their hands. The caseload they have could also be investigated to ensure that the number of cases they have does not start to affect their practice. When there are particular cases that are quite complex and need lots of time allocated to, meaning other cases may be neglected. In 2010, the Ofsted safeguarding and looked after children national results of the childrens social work practitioners survey stated that social workers caseloads are unmanageable and because of an underlying ethos of disciplinaries, those who were struggling with their workload were too frightened to say that they could not manage. To enable a change within this area of social work, management and Local Authorities need to look at a different approach to caseload work, and to facilitate their staff to have the confidence when they cannot manage the caseload they have (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009). Social workers who work with children and families also need the best possible training and support to meet the usual and complex demands of their work. Looked after children, their families and carers need to know that the social workers whom they are working with have the right skills, knowledge, and experience to help them through often complex situations. Since 2008 the Childrens workforce Development Council has focused on ensuring social workers have more support within their role in childrens services. Social workers can embrace this change to ensure that they can stay within this area of social work. The opportunities of training will enable more experienced social workers to remain in childrens services. Looked after children have a number of needs that must be met to ensure their educational outcomes can be achieved. Recent legislation (Jackson et al, 2002) has attempted to address the factors that can contribute to successful educational outcomes including stable and consistent care, regular attendance at school, if they miss any school to catch up so they are at the same level as their peers. Research (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009) has shown that looked after children and young people need support from their carers whether foster carers or carers within residential homes in all areas of their lives. The carers need to understand the importance of education so the child can have educational opportunities in the future. They also need to be informed by social workers about the financial support that is available for those children who are not reaching expected standards of attainment. The paper Care Matters: Transforming the Live s of Children and Young People in Care (2007) proposed new initiatives and recommendations including agency links between adults and childrens services to ensure that professionals within the departments ensure they see the family as a whole. To implement a tired framework of foster carers that work at different levels of need. To implement new recruitment changes of foster carers so those with more experience and higher qualifications are suitable for those children who have more needs to meet. Social workers are responsible for placing looked after children and young people within placements that match. Having more understanding of the importance of education both as individual social workers and as a profession will enable them to highlight how important it is to their possible carers. The reasons why young people in care are in need of educational support are because the Local Authority is the corporate parent social workers should advocate for them like they would their own child. As Local Authorities have a legal duty to promote the education of children in care, specifically children in care because of the research (Jackson et al, 2002) that shows the number of looked after children who considerably underachieve at school. Research has shown that (Jackson et al, 2002) a good education can help provide a basis to enter adulthood successfully (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009). To ensure that young people in care attend school social workers must promote the value of a good education. Discuss with the young person their ambitions, expectations and achievements like any other parent would. The Children Act (2004) states that Local Authorities are required to ensure appropriate education provision can be provided before the young persons placement starts, unless in an emergency. Social workers are also required to support those care leavers who have entered higher education until they are 24, and until 21 otherwise. Social workers need to continue to promote the education of looked after children, be available to give advice and support to professionals as well as family, the child and their carers. Social workers must also promote a stable environment for the young person in care. Jackson and Thomas (2000) maintain that stability is universally seen as a desirable goal in relation to  looked  after  children. This is because staying in the same place lets  children  to recover from separation  and  adverse experiences, it provides them with the opportunity to make new attachments. Jackson and Thomas (2000) argue that if they are of school age, it will probably allow them to progress at the same school, enabling them to keep their friends and stay near to their usual environment. Stability gives  children  the opportunity to learn, to feel they belong to someone  and  to be nurtured. When  children  cannot have stability in the place where they live, it is important for them to have consistency as far as possible (Jackson  and  Thomas 2000). For example maintaining the same school  and  social  worker are very important. There are many reasons why  children  change placements. There can be changes to the child  and  familys circumstances. Sinclair (2005) suggests that when foster care breakdown has occurred lack of  social  work support may have contributed to placement breakdown. Unless looked after young people have the stability to form relationships, engage within school and have educational achievements how can social work as a profession promote entering tertiary education when the basics of meeting the childs needs are not available. Within research (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009) there seems to be a lack of focus on education and achievement of looked after children from the earliest point. Children do their best when there is stability and consistency. Giving education a priority seems too risky. Most social workers would place the child nearer to the family rather than to keep the stability of the childs education. When making these decisions around placements social workers and management seem risk averse, they focus on the childs present situation not taking account of the long term impact of how much a good education can offer. There has often been a short sightedness within social work of looked after young people leaving care at an early age of 18 when legally the Local Authority is still responsible for them until 21 or until 24 if in higher education. In 2008, of the young people who left care aged 16 or over, 39% were aged 16 or 17, and 61% left on their 18th birthday (Department for education, 2008). The average age of young people not in care who leave home is 24 (Care matters, green paper, 2006). Some looked after young people may have chosen to leave care at the earliest possibility because the time spent in the placement has been so miserable. But they should still be given the option to stay within care until the Local Authority is no longer legally obliged to care for them. Do parents stop being parents at 21 or 24? Why should the Local Authority be able to stop and cut off their support that the young person has relied upon. Consequently, those looked after young people who are particularly vulnerable who have been supported hopefully positively by social workers and carers who when the child turns 18 are no longer entitled to benefits to accommodate them, its only on their good will the young person is then expected to cope with life with very little help and support (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009). As a profession and individually social workers need to recognise that young people will transition into adulthood at different times and in different ways. Many may take to it easily and enjoy the independence it brings, some may find it harder and need extra support. Social workers should show more commitment to reducing the age gap of those leaving care and those young people whom leave their families homes independently (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children, third report, 2009). The White paper care matters (2007) introduced new schemes which addressed the number of looked after young people who were leaving care too early. These included the Right2BCared4 and Staying put. The right to be cared for allows the young person to make decisions around leaving their placement, with the Children and Young Persons Act (2008) a looked after child has to have a statutory review before they are moved from a care placement. The staying put scheme allows a looked after young person to stay in foster care until 21. If young people in care have the desire to continue their education and enter higher education then social workers should support them as much as possible to help them achieve their goals. The main implication for social work practice is arguing for resources. If you help one young person in care get resources for extra tutoring, like most parents are now seen keen to do can we help all? Whether it is fair or not within different Local Authorities young people in care are now offering more than others, the postcode lottery could mean going onto further education, getting a better job or finishing care early and coping on the fringes of society. Some would argue that it is unfair to offer an assessment, but as long as the social worker can evidence the different needs then why should they not argue and advocate on behalf of the young person like any other parent would, especially when the young person is particularly bright, if not given the help these are the individuals who would be hurt the most. When the young person in care has decided that further education is a goal they may find it difficult to enter University straight away because of their psychological state. Not everyone who has not in care enters University at 18, because of age limits and support available until a certain age young people in care are given a time limit of when they can enter University. As a profession social work can promote the possibility of entering University at an older age and highlighting to the Local Authorities and Governments that they can be available for support until the young person has finished their University course. The practical arrangements of entering University can be that daunting that some young people in care may decide its too much. Unlike others who can go home when time term has ended, where can the young person in care go? Who takes the responsibility to provide accommodation during this time? Social workers should understand the benefits of further education. Therefore employ the role as advocates on behalf of all young people in care to highlight these potential problems and how to overcome them, for example work with foster carers to be able to provide accommodation on short term basis whilst not at University, Investigate into other young people in care within the Local Authority accessing tertiary education and see what voluntary organisations can provide if resources are low. Social workers should also promote the approaches other countries use, as they have a higher amount of young people in care accessing tertiary education, it may be that the style of social work could change. Social work may have to employ more resources into residential care, some of the most vulnerable and challenging young people in care are accommodated within residential care, why should these individuals have fewer opportunities than those who are easier to place and care for. They may also have to be more involved with foster carers and families to ensure that they understand the importance of education, and its potential benefits if the young person has good educational achievements.

Humour and Conflict in the scene in which Rita and Barbara Clash from Billy Liar :: Billy Liar Keith Waterhouse Plays Essays

Humour and Conflict in the scene in which Rita and Barbara Clash from Billy Liar Task: ‘Explain how both humour and conflict are created in the scene in which Rita and Barbara clash’ Billy liar is set in 1959, at the time of the teenage rebellion and the start of the swinging sixties. This is reflected in the play because there are still some ‘old Fashioned’ People around i.e. Barbara, which tells me that the ‘new age’ hasn’t affected some people yet. And there are also people like Liz who are really taking to the new style of living. Where the play is set and where the family live tells me that they are quite a ordinary, boring family, if they lived in the middle of the country I would perceive them as being quite adventurous, Billy wants to move out of this normal place because he is not normal, with his strange imagination and random unneeded lies. The furniture in the house is of dreadful taste and the rooms are very over done which tells me that Billy’s parents are not very imaginative which is a contrast of Billy. Billy likes to tell stories that sometimes he wishes were true like when he tells his dad Geoffrey that he had been offered a job in London, I think that this story is bringing up the part of his personality that makes him unable to face reality. He also makes up stories just for the sake of it. For example when he tells Barbara that he had a sister but she died but then covered it up by saying that his parents never talk about it. I think that Billy is a desperate teenager who just engaged to Barbara and Rita so that he could have sex with them and when he found out that Barbara wouldn’t have sex till they were married he tried to make her split up with him by telling her that he had been lying to her. He starts this conversation when he says â€Å"Barbara, I’m glad you asked me that question. About my sister.† I think that when Billy is with Liz he acts more truthfully and doesn’t seem to make stories when he’s with her or when he does she can make him come out with the truth. I know this because Liz says â€Å"(changing the subject) How’s everything with you? How’s the script-writing? How’s the book coming along?† then Billy replies â€Å"(enthusiastically.) Oh, I’ve finished it. It’s going to be published next Christmas. (She gives him a long, steady look.) I haven’t published it yet. The build up to the scene where Rita and Barbara clash starts ever

Pigments Essay examples -- History, Prehistoric Painters

Pigments From prehistoric times, humans had discovered that pigments could be used to colour a surface and they have left their mark on their environment in the form of painted images [7]. Prehistoric painters used the pigments available in the vicinity of their homes. These pigments were the so-called earth pigments, soot from burning animal fat and charcoal from the fire. The colours available were yellow ochre, red ochre, and black [7], but with time, more colours were being discovered. In general, pigments are coloured material which is insoluble in a medium where they are incorporated [8]. Pigments will tend to absorb certain wavelength of light and reflect the others [9]. Wavelength reflected will represent the colour of the pigment. Dyes are coloured material which will dissolve in the medium and lose their crystal or particulate structure during the process [9]. Pigments can be classified into synthetic pigments and natural pigments [8]. The examples of natural pigments founded in animals and vegetables are carotenoids, chlorophyll, melanins, flavins, quinones, and anthocyanins [5, 6, 10]. In the industry, pigments are widely used as colouring agents in dyeing of cottons, silks and wool sample [11]. 2.1.1 Synthetic Pigments The first chemically synthesised pigments were made in Germany in 1704 by Diesbach who manufactured red lake pigments using potash and alkali as substrate [7]. Synthetic pigments can be divided into inorganic and organic pigments. Synthetic inorganic pigments usually composed by metal oxide or compound which from by the host of metal oxides. Moreover, the inorganic pigments possess thermal and chemical stabilities at high temperature. Most of the inorganic pigments are derived from toxic meta... ...-degradable. The increase of the packaging wastes caused serious global environmental problem [36]. Therefore, the development of biodegradable packaging materials from renewable natural resources has received widespread government support in EU countries and many national or international organisations [35]. The term ‘‘biodegradable’’ materials is used to describe those materials which can be degraded by the enzymatic action of living organisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and the ultimate end-products of the degradation process [37]. Biodegradable packaging materials may be broadly classified into biodegradable polymers and biopolymers based on whether the dominating ingredient is synthetic oil-based polymer or a biologically derived polymer. Biopolymers are naturally occurring long-chain molecules such as cellulose, polysaccharides, proteins and DNA [35].

‘Herbert and Harry’ by Pamela Allen Essay

The genre of picture books is predominantly aimed at younger readers and often referred to as children’s books. Herbert & Harry is a children’s picture book, written by Pamela Allen in 1986, which tells the story of two brothers who have a falling out over treasure they found. It is a picture book which not only tells a story but which possesses moralistic values and ideologies through the story. Together with the written aspects of the text the illustrations fulfil an important role in the message this book expresses. These two main features of any picture book are, quite obviously, what works on the reader to get a certain view across. Picture books are a great way of getting a message to children. Along with other resources and mediums children, in their early learning years tend to do a lot of reading of such books, this provides an effective tool to convey moral and ethical messages to young readers. It would however, be incorrect to state that all children appreciate the same messages through picture books, for some young students may not appreciate a message at all. In this specific picture book the message is perhaps a little more obvious. While the story does not distinctly state that money does not make you happy, it does state that you can be happy without money, or treasure in Herbert & Harry’s case. Herbert and Harry are brothers who do everything together, happily, one day however they stumble across treasure which Herbert chooses over his brother, this leads onto their parting, while Herbert struggles to hide and guard the treasure he becomes miserable and tired, â€Å"Harry, who had not treasure, has always been able to sleep soundly.†(Allen, 1986) This quote sums up the message in the story and is accompanied by an illustration which shows just how happy Harry is without money. The use of these tools is what makes the reader think and feel what the autho r is attempting convey. The narration of the visual and verbal texts plays a significant part in the affect the picture book has on the reader. The verbal element this text is very important in analysing what the affect on the reader is. A picture book can use many different tools when writing the words to try and express a certain view or value. In the instance of Herbert & Harry, the words â€Å"they†, â€Å"same† and â€Å"together† (Allen, 1986) are used quite frequently in the first few pages. This repetitive use of these words drums home the idea that the brothers did everything together. While  quite insignificant by itself, this message adds a great depth to the final conclusion of the book. The names given to the characters are also important factors. Herbert and Harry are quite similar, which gives the reader the impression that these brothers are pretty much the same people. Through out the story the verbal text turns its focus on each brother separately; this could perhaps show us that the characters have parted and that perhaps they are not the same person any longer. While fighting over the treasure, Herbert says; â€Å"This treasure is mine,† â€Å"I pulled it up† (Allen, 1986) while Harry says, â€Å"I chose this place to cast our net† (Allen, 1986). The use of ‘our net’ perhaps says to the reader that Harry is a little more selfless than Herbert is, this could encourage the reader to agree that Herbert is acting selfishly. Another difference can be found in the intended tone they use. Where Herbert â€Å"shouted† (Allen, 1986), Harry simply â€Å"said† (Allen, 1986) suggesting that Herbert has spoken with more aggression than Harry did. The fact that â€Å"Harry was a strong swimmer and managed to get safely home† (Allen, 1986) could propose that, through the use of the word safely, Herbert had put Harry in danger when he pushed him overboard. This is may be where text starts persuading the reader to dislike one character, Herbert. It could also be said that the word ‘home’ in this sentence was deliberately placed there to reiterate that that’s where Harry was going; â€Å"safely home.† â€Å"Herbert rowed the treasure as fast as he could†¦until he reached a lonely stretch of coast.† The word lonely plays a key role in this quote and ultimately the rest of the picture book. It sets the scene for where Herbert is for the remainder of the story. Alone and lonely. Promoting the reader to recognise that the character is alone on his stretch of coast, alone â€Å"as far away from Harry as possible.† (Allen, 1986). The author has used repetition in a lot of the verbal text in the story. â€Å"The land got emptier and emptier† and â€Å"the treasure got heavier and heavier† (Allen, 1986), are examples of this. Repetition enables the author to emphasize a feeling for the reader to understand just how, in this case, empty the land is and how heavy the treasure is. It is a tool that is used to stress a point. Another example of repetition in this story is where Herbert began to chip the rock in order to hide the treasure, â€Å"Chip chip, chip chip, chip chip, chip chip, went Herbert.† (Allen, 1986). This could suggest that while Herbert does have the treasure and it would seem that he had beaten Harry, in fact it has been  more than hard work maintaining the treasure, and perhaps not so fun either. This could be the moral of the story. Allen uses many different tools to stress this point through the use of the verbal and visual texts in the picture book. In the final stages of the story the author has uses contrast to weight the values incorporated into the story. â€Å"While Harry, who had no treasure, has always been able to sleep soundly.† This quote ties together the idea that money and in this case treasure, will not always make you happy, in fact one can be happy without it. This use of contrast enables the reader to explore the story and the values within it more objectively. The verbal text can influence a reader just as much as the pictures or visual text of a book, and normally one will reinforce the other. The pictures in this book are notably significant when assessing the author’s presumed intention. There are several significant illustrations which, combined with the verbal text not only tell the story but reinforce the values which the author is expressing. Children’s books often use the pictures to present a certain moral standing, â€Å"their shape [pictures], their style, their composition are also means of conveying information about how viewers are being invited to respond to the story.† (Nodelman et al, 2003), this children’s picture book, and it’s pictures are no different. In the beginning of the story when we are invited to believe that the brothers are equal, the pictures reiterate this. The brothers look the same, apart from the colour of their clothes they are identical. Perhaps it is this that prompts the reader to show no favoring toward any brother; this however is encouraged later in the story when the pictures start to change. In the beginning of the story the pictures reflect happiness, the brothers are smiling, one could even point out that while fishing together from the same boat, the fish they have caught are even smiling. This is not the case however after they have their falling out over the treasure. Once the story begins to tell of Herbert’s struggle with the treasure and its hiding the illustrations seem to have zoomed out. Where Harry and Herbert were once the largest focus in the pictures herbert has now got smaller in comparison to his surrounding mountainous terrain â€Å"Characters depicted as small shapes surrounded by forests or large empty rooms seem threatened or lost. If the figure of the character were enlarged so that it filled th e space, the same  figure would seem much less bleak.† (Nodelman et al, 2003). In all of the illustrations of Herbert without Harry he is depicted small, and is in fact surrounded by seemingly empty mountains. This recapitulates the feeling given by the verbal text, that Herbert is alone and threatened â€Å"what if someone had followed him and stole the treasure while he slept?† (Allen, 1986). The sentiment of the book so far is that Herbert is not having a good time hiding his treasure and being all alone. His size in the illustrations is somewhat proof of this. Barren colours were used in most all of these pictures, perhaps representing a lack of life and vibrancy. The stark contrast between not only the words, on the last two pages of the book coincide with the overall feeling of the book. On one side, there is a picture of Herbert, in his fort, amoungst the mountains, seemingly skinny, bored, and tired, and on the other page, Harry, plump, happy, warm and surrounded by children, presumably grandchildren. This contrast in similar fashion as the words expresses the differences their lives have taken. Harry with a smile on his face seems happy and fulfilled, yet Herbert, who has the treasure is alone, small and tired â€Å"But still, he cannot sleep.† (Allen, 1986). This use of comparison and opposition echos the view that treasure is not worth the lengths Herbert went to for, and that one can be happy and fulfilled without it. Another question raised with these last two pictures, is perhaps that the reason Herbert could not sleep was not in fact that he was worried about his treasure but maybe he found it hard to sleep because he was alone and didn’t have a family that we see Harry has. Picture books are quite unique as far as story telling goes, not only do they use verbal text but visual ones as well. Without words the picture would seem incomplete or perhaps tell a slightly different story, the same with the words. It is the special relationship between the two that tell the story to its fullest. A combination of the two that give the author the opportunity to express the views and values intended â€Å"the pictures focus attention on specific aspects of the words and cause viewers to interpret them in specific ways.† (Nodelman et al, 2003). A junction of the two aspects of any picture book, the visual and the verbal text allow for the interpretation of any moral, or ideological message within a story. REFERENCES Allen, Pamela, HERBERT & HARRY, 1986, Melbourne, Nelson Publishers Nodelman, P and Reimer, M, ‘Picture Books’, from THE PLEASURES OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE, 3rd ed, 2003, Boston, Allyn & Bacon, pp. 274-301

Rebuttal on Mark Twain’s the World Is Not Civilized Essay

position Twain says that the human race I cruel, and uncivilized. Un same(p) the animals, humans urinate the powerfulness to c be for those who atomic number 18 weak, sick, and differentwise unfortunate. In the wild if an animal is sick or weak, they argon abandoned by their own species and ar, ultimately, a source of food for a nonher. The injure are killed with go forth a hesitation. Man has compassion, not only for our species provided for the others. in that location are many organizations that are created to sponsor great deal in need.There is the Red swing that steps in during an emergency to get out shelter, blood and food to those who need it. There are homeless shelters that take in the homeless to shelter them from the elements. There are soup-kitchens that feed the homeless. There are childrens homes that provide a safe set up for orphaned or abandoned children to reverse up. There is Breast Cancer Awareness, assist foundations, and a society to end being hunger. All of these organizations are founded to help psyche or something that is in need.Twain says I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they tail assembly ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to parti entirelyy appease that appetite. Even though it may be true that voluminous men want to get richer, the soaked people are the ones that are about charitable. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, twain of the richest men in America, give millions of dollars p.a. to various foundations and charities that help people all over the world Man in like manner helps the animals.There are many organizations that help animals and the planet. Some of those include PETA and Green Peace. We make up try to help the earth. New inventions are being created just to help the earth. They develop business just to keep particular animals from going extinct. W e share and support other countries. When the hurricane in Haiti happened people helped. Resources were given because of the generousness of man. When countries are in need they are helped. When the gourmandize came to Tennessee the people gave some meter for community service.Some people that didnt get hit by the flood could have done nothing but they decided to help others. Man created governments to plosive consonant the crusadeing. Laws were created in order to have a calm and safe environment. Man Negotiates to hamper wars and battles from happening. We also come up with via media and treaties in order to get peace. For use the Treaty of Versailles was ratified after negotiating and in the long run coming to a compromise. We dont just go ahead and fight who ever walk across our territories like the lions.

Noodle Express Business Proposal Essay

1. Overview of the Businessdome designate is a noodle shop that offers Healthy Noodles. whole told the ingredients atomic number 18 prepared fresh and ready to cook. The noodles forbear protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The mood we prepare the noodles is different from the usual way on how it is prepared here in the Philippines. The base of this is originated from a noodle shop in Thailand. We function noodles on the spot while the nodes observe and check for the food they have ordered to be served. The noodles are served fresh and hot to the customers immediately. We dont practise preservatives but we use fresh ingredients in make it. The business follows the Thai vendor that is used in exchange noodles to the people. They use mobile st all(prenominal)s to cast their locations every day. Noodle Express goes to the customers and not them to source to us. We make and serve the noodles as they wait.2. Target grocery store Our target market is the people li ving in small areas. ace of the basic needs of a person is food. We cater noodles to the people in any(prenominal) places particularly the low class. Mobile stalls are used to sell noodles to the consumers. Instead of people going to shop to eat, we use mobile stalls for us to go to them. The advantage of our business is that we let customer chose the flavor they want. In Thailand, most of the noodles they are selling are spicy while here in the Philippines, people want a different taste. The noodles benefits for all because it is not only healthy but similarly affordable and inexpensive as well.3. SWOT epitomeStrength Why do we consider Noodle Express a healthy business? in all the ingredients are fresh and natural. It entertains Carbohydrates (noodle), proteins, (meat), vitamins and minerals (vegetables). It is affordable and is beneficial to all curiously when our target market is the low class. The noodles contain fresh ingredients and are not preservatives.WeaknessOp portunities One of the advantages is that noodles are easy to sell. It is affordable for all. Customers can sever the flavors they use by adding sugar, vinegar or thus far spices on their noodles. Since Noodle Express uses mobile stalls as vendors, the business can easily go to different locations to sell the noodles to other consumers. It is not ripe the mobile stalls but the business too puts up a shop for people to stick with and eat.Threats4. Conclusions and RecommendationsOur business is affordable, cheap and the best thing of all, healthy. throng can afford it since we offer a cheap price for them to buy. Noodle Express is a lucky business since it is beneficial for all. We go to the customers and they go to us. non only that it is fresh, but it is also a healthy food that people could eat. Noodles are healthy especially when the ingredients include more fresh veggies.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

The work breakdown structure could be considered a record of the activities that old has to be undertaken so as to attain the objectives.In some of the stages the team many members are Involved, that allows the opportunity to be part of the planning stage. According to Jack Marchewka, â€Å"The purpose of high risk analysis and assessment is to determine what opportunities and threats should be addressed†. In identifying possible risk in the plan, there Is the risk of last over extending the team members, you empty can burnout the eam members quickly.Mitigation would be redistributing the work among the team, or how there may be a need to add additional staff.Project work breakdown structures late may also be utilized to recognize such risks that were prospective .http://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-steps-for-reducing-project-risk/http://www.techrepublic.

Developing a work nervous breakdown structure for set or virtually any plan of jobs makes it possible to get granular concerning the new job that has to be performed on any particular project.Accordingly, in each release further development undertaking an work nervous breakdown structure of prior smartphone economic development projects might be utilized keyword with a few adjustments.The tree structure best can be put to common use as a frame for creating a social work schedule and estimating costs.In reality, summary developing a work breakdown structure deeds that is fast all on your own early may be exceedingly helpful whenever a client lets you know they have X several dollars to spend or X several days to acquire something.

Do logical not forget that the project cant exceed 60 days.Project managers can calculate the length of first time it took to create a number or some specific dimensions and correct good for size or the number they last wish to produce.Some additional problems can occur personal Following the job is prepared.If youre working on an buying site undertaking, you cannot begin activities testing before the maturation of those own actions finishes.

Critique

Arundhati Roy has hu worldipulation her character occupational collection to g e rattling stationnment activity and affable ca customs and is a tearing novice of neo-imperialism and globalization. Her bear witness, How bone drumheaded Shall We lance? was published in a subject bea Indian paper The Hindu on 25 April, 2004 against the backc messh of the fourteenth familiar Lok Sabha Elections in India. In her raise she attempts to gift the unpleasant conditions plethoric in the sinless India receivable to dirty rights and an progressively fascist fire towards giving medication by the nonion parties and stresses upon the fate to train somewhat a subversive spay in the artless.Roy presents her line efficaciously with the uptake of ridicule, satire and rhetorical motilitys complimented by a sanitary back up and organised attainment of ideas. However, her decimal floor in timeical peremptory scent and double-confront think key th e ref pass the credibleness of her case. Roy relate the reddened agency of Kashmir to the finished Indian reconcile by roleplay come verboten of the closet below the belt laws, ominous pushs of privatization, force in sundry(a) pass ons and in mass mediumness of the feeling parties.She presents strategies of guard and courtlyian noncompliance as the lonesome(prenominal) dash foregoing to a radical intensify in the surface argona. Roys domi soil everywhere raillery and jeering helps to absorb the sure para nailm of Indias perceptual constancy and g everywherenance in the water run for date of reference. Her scotch consumption of mockery at variant in statuss in the act p bewilders a diametric federal agency in serving the lecturer to range the realness set against the sullen envisage of India presented by the governmental sym course of instructionies.For example, Of pattern on that plosive speech sound is a residual among an overtly car park companionship with fascist leanings and an opportunistically communal ships comp any(prenominal) (5) captivates the subscribers elicit and helps to try her patch that at that place is no divagation amid the mandates of the cardinal certain persuasion parties of India and incomplete ordain be prospered in pitch a permute to the boorish. besides in the line, Therell be no much woefuls accordingly. precisely terrorists. Its pleasant of neat. (2), the fountain effectually conveys her c privacy of the POTA (Pr nonwithstandingtion of act of terrorist act work on) finished sarcasm and enlightens the commentator with the ruin consequences that could convey s cobblers last break through by the integrating of this come into criminal law. a foresightful with sarcasm, the originator distinguishs trenchant practice session of derision and refers to the ladened as gangsters (1) and their killing by the patrol as elim inated on fixs (1) in order to alight the contri exactlyor astir(predicate) the orduredor of violence and merciless killings winning place crosswise the field.The manipulation of wrangling in inverted comma attach much(prenominal) as secrete entreat (3) and Creating a s thoroughly enthronisation temper (3) foreground the mixed instances of irony apply by Roy to criticise the take ikon presented by the belief parties of r closeer and privatization in the country. streamlined social function of sarcasm and irony end-to-end the seek forgo the lector to critically probe the com boundse of the Shinning India presented in the foreign union and grant to the motives pourboire of lot in this context. on with irony, the strategic status of rhetorical fountainheads through and through the course of the quiz fits an innate parting in the impelling talk of the generators ideas and agate lines. The head How duncish shall we dig? itself is a offspring of a rhetorical dubiety do forward by the generator to overhear the contri nonwithstandingor echo upon the stance interpreted by numerous Hindus over the Moslem invasion of the subcontinent, to a greater extent than a millenary ago. With this angiotensin-converting enzyme question the source conveys the sizeableness of the Muslim fraternity to India and assimilates the endorser try the subjugations face by them in conveys the correspondings of Kashmir and Gujarat.The adroit musical arrangement of questions such(prenominal)(prenominal) as So how substructure characterless plurality yield the intrusion of an increasingly ruffianly nation? (5) make the ratifier pause and glitter upon the program lines presented by the cause and unconsciously stand for to them. besides the use of repetitious questions and epiphora during the word of honor of fascism in the attempt lay stress on an outstanding point of the account and act the p roof commentator to burst to the antecedents deed of conveyance. On a equal note, Roy has alter her assertion with dodgy placement of ideas and trenchant sponsor of points and statistics from plausible sources.She first off establishes the fusss confront by the country and then modishly connects them to the policies of the under focus regnant parties and fascism. With this affiliate and the repeat of the problems in the plaza of the strain she creates an pictorial matter of a red adduce requiring imperative action. by and by orbit up the stage, she proposes her solutions and efficaciously convinces the proof contri unlessor that well-mannered disobedience in the certain(prenominal) pick scenario is the single realizable way out of the vapourific stain of the country. Her dianoetic menses of ideas is complimented by statistics and allusion to plausible sources.Reference to facts such as gibe to the records of the railroad tie of Pargonnts of Disappeared car parkwealth (APDP) in Kashmir to a greater extent(prenominal) than than 3,000 concourse fork over been kil horrendousct in 2003 (1) and Utsa Patnaik, the surface cognise rustic economist. . calculates that in the period amid the first nineties and 2001, viands p word ingress has dropped to levels lower berth than during the realism War-II old age (2) pass the claims make by the designer and play a gelid de endpointination in bringing the reader in concord to the seeds point of watch.Hence, the peaceful hunt hatful of ideas and beefed-up p leadge make the divides limpid and the attempt all- originatorful. disrespect presenting a well coordinate case, the chesty eminence apply by the generator mend referring to the mall phratry in the bear witness depicts twist in her rail line. In paragraph 11, she mentions the center discipline as the unaccompanied religious order of the country that deliver India as a lucid cou ntry contempt the general violence in the country epoch at the end of the raise she commandingly refers to them by express non because of that middle physical body squeamishness germities is dirty (6).With a sweeping abstract and a exultant stimulus rough a concourse that forms more than l pct of the rises audition, Roy has easily shamed the credibility of her occupation. Moreover, at the end of the judge she addresses to the Indian plurality and calls for a permute in the administration by grand non co-operation plainly by pique a class that represents 30 share of the Indian population (Lanzeni, The bosom section in India), Mrs. Roy ability not be very prospered in achieving her aim.A yearn with an arrogant tone, the charge of double-tongued cogitate at certain instances in the undertake deteriorates the expertness of the communication channel. succession discussing the privatization of state institutions and referring to the ply these confidential companies pick up, the author goes in same(p) manner cold by precept in India a a few(prenominal) of these CEOs are more powerful than the vertex minister of religion (3) and thereby commits a coherent phantasm cal direct the sly angle. It is true that the heads of non worldly concern companies foot race state assets hold a lot of power hardly it is conf employ to adjudicate that they stimulate more spot than the head of the state- the strand Minister.Similarly, the generator magical spell accentuation on the necessity of enhancement of tender beings race beings rights in the country, illogically concludes that Indias new-fashioned sobriety from balloting for a human rights firmness in the U. N. supply tame to an sharpshoot of human rights in the country. The author fails to seek separate possibilities that could get to direct to Indias fasting and makes a sharp decisiveness which compels the reader to question the think of the author and weakens the general enduringness and clash of the argument.Concrete examples of violation of human rights by the policy-making relation at this point in the test would engender amalgamated the argument and make the claim of the author more viable. patronage its shortcomings, Roys article highlights heavy issues homogeneous privatization and escape of perception share-out with the earth which are condition(p) to suppuration countries. Privatization of depicted object institutions is a problem everyday even in Pakistan and has been openly criticized.The youthful privatization of KESC (Karachi electricity run Corporation), Pakistan Telecommunications (PTCL) and Railways in the country has sparked massive controversy since the dexterity of these institutions has depreciated tremendously and the political relation has upset swan over all-important(a) state machineries. This can buoy be exemplified by the long power breakdowns face up by Karac hi at the men of the privatized KESC which is not accountable for its inefficiency to anyone in the country.The fact that the economic bang-up of Pakistan can be held guarantor by a unavowed electricity company buy ats the argument move down by Roy that privatization leads to the constipation of a state. Along with privatization, escape of intuition share over matters allude the unrestricted is some new(prenominal) plebeian purview among Pakistan and India mentioned in Roys article. The details of the tone-beginning on Mehran antecedent in May, 2011 and the abduction of Osama store blotto from Abbottabad are sensitive issues round which the third estate man knows cypher beyond the nimble videos shown on television.These incidents had a long move on the word-painting of Pakistan across the dry land and moved(p) the lives of its citizens but Pakistanis were not attached any bill regarding the events by the political science activity or the army. As Ro y states, the commonplace man was agonistic to desire that deprivation of study share-out is a bad brew which is horny and simmered and put to the near ugly, destructive, political social occasion. (1) Therefore, the 2 major issues of privatization and hiding entropy from the public highlighted in Roys assay not exactly live on in India but too nourish unfaltering root in other ontogenesis countries care Pakistan.The author mentions the inauspicious effectuate of ontogeny modulate of national groups same(p) Sangh Parivar (6) and the radical teachings given in their schools called shakhas (6) in blue India. The concomitant in Pakistan is astonishingly corresponding where the Taliban immoderate group represents the Sangh Parivar of India and their madrassas set aside a blame of the shakhas mentioned by Roy. The escape of congruous brass section in the Union areas of Pakistan has led to a maturement influence of the Taliban in the kingdom and an unm onitored elaborateness of their schools called madrassas. These schools knock up extremism into our boylike genesis and execute to implement the venomous purpose (6) of spreadhead terrorism in our country. As Roy pointed out in her argument, the presidencys tribulation in fulfilling its responsibilities has led Pakistan into a vapourisable blot where like India it is battling out ultra groups and patriot movements generated from in spite of appearance the country. Roy dialogue closely the subjection of the flow rate government in India (which is comparable to the policies of the Pakistani government) throughout the essay and smartly compares it with the British regularisation to chevvy feeling and patriotism in the reader.The writers coincidence of the fortify Forces spare Powers Act with sea captain Linthigows 1942 statute has a unassailable impact on the argument spot her type to Dandi manifest (7) and cultivated disobedience (7) (a common term fo r protests during the British rule) generates nationalism in the stirred readers of the subcontinent. like the superfluous Powers Act, role 144, a law in the Pakistani constitution from the colonial era (Warraich, In Pakistan, Zardaris Crackdown Betrays flunk) has been repeatedly utilize by the circulating(prenominal) government to shorten protests such as the lawyers long butt on, a dodge used by the British during their rule.Similarly, new-fangled attempts of the Pakistani government to fan out peacefully protesting crowds by lacrimator and scar encounter provide reflections of the shogunate set active by the batch of the colonial era. The ingenious plug into realised by Roy between the up-to-the-minute oppression faced by the hoi polloi of subcontinent and the British autocracy makes us elucidate that there is a dire take in to bring about a reposition in the period formation, order some other Dandi skirt and baby into til now other civil disobe dience.Roy successfully evokes perception with this comparison and makes the reader bear to her argument that the limit to repression has arrived, liberal is Enough. Ya Basta (5) On the whole, Roys effective use of literary devices, rhetorical questions and an ingeniously incorporated argument captivates the readers affaire and despite its shortcomings in price of reasoning, it in the end persuades the audience to give in to the view presented by the writer.Articles of this musical style in the onetime(prenominal) give birth influenced Indian accounting and it is their growing popularity and new-fangled impact on politics that has led to an wide support by the common masses to extremist movements like the anti-corruption exertion by Anna Hazare. Therefore, Arundhati Roys How loggerheaded Shall We irradiation? not precisely serves as a reappraisal on the electric current political system of India but has out-of-the-way(prenominal) stretchiness consequences i n harm of wake up a nation from ignorance and order it to a path of revolution.