The events industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The events industry - Essay Example For instance, in the current world, the amount for raising and sponsoring events is quite higher compared to the way it was several decades ago. As such, it is important to note that the event industry has been undergoing a dramatic change relevant to several issues touching on demands and interests of the organizers and the intended participants. For instance, in the past days, the costs for conducting such events involving local sports were relatively low (Smith, 2009, 53). This involved people coming, watching games and moving back to their residences. However, currently the costs of such local events have increased tremendously. The local events nowadays employ the use of public address systems as well as media involvements. These contribute towards raising the costs of such events. Events may always originate from different sources involving festivals, public events as well as cultures and traditions (Fenich, 2012, 36). However, it is important to note that events differ in their characteristics. Some events are labor intensive whereas others are perishable. Fixed time scales, uniqueness as well as personal interactions always characterize events. However, it is important to acknowledge the fact that the event industry has been critical in ensuring economic development and growth, societal development as well as conservation of cultures (Baum, 2009, 51). There are several categories and typologies of events. Events can be categorized into six main categories. These include the individual events, group events, organizational as well as multi-organizational events. In addition, other categories may include national events as well as international events. Several typologies of events exist relevant to the different categories. Individual events may comprise of weddings, birthday parties as well as private dinners (Goldblatt, 2011, 53). Group events may involve festivals as well as local

Factors Effecting Students Selecting Private Colleges In Saudi Arabia Essay

Factors Effecting Students Selecting Private Colleges In Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The research strategy proposed to be used in this study is survey questionnaires. There may be some problems associated with the qualitative interview method, involving a detailed structured or semi structured interview in the case of this particular study. For example, this method is likely to be time consuming when considered against the results sought to be achieved. The thrust of this study is to discover overall patterns within a large group of students/faculty within a limited time frame. A comprehensive literature review is to be taken up to provide the background material and the secondary data for this study. The primary data is collected from the questionnaire/survey, which is a favoured tool used in research because it can provide a cheap and effective method of collecting data in a structured and manageable way. The participants in this study would be about 250 students as well as faculty members, both from private as well as public colleges. This report makes a conclusion that the economies of the Middle East play a very important role in the world economy because they are large scale producers of oil and this is especially true in the case of Saudi Arabia. In view of the initiatives that have been actively implemented by the Government to promote education in the nation, the problem of why students are opting for private colleges becomes important. This study may help to shed a considerable amount of light on why students are making such choices and pave the way for future research into this issue.

Construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral

Construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral To start with, it is very known that Notre Dame Cathedral that is found in Paris is one of the worlds first ever to be made, Gothic Cathedral. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is found near the Ile de la Cite on its eastern half, having to the west its main entrance. Many thought that the Cathedral of Notre Dame was one of the best when it comes to Gothic French architecture. One of the most well known architects in France named Viollet le Duc is the one behind saving and restoring Notre Dame Cathedral from destruction. The meaning of the name, Notre Dame Cathedral is because when this Gothic Cathedral was built it was the centre of beauty in Paris and they decided to name it by Our Lady. The Gothic period was very bewildered by the amazing construction of Notre Dame Cathedral. Gothic architecture was very much influenced by naturalism and that was seen through the stained glass and sculptures found in Notre Dame Cathedral, which in the early Romanesque architecture this was the opposit e. The flying buttress which is arched exterior supports were first seen in the Notre Dame in Paris. When the Cathedral was first built it did not include the flying buttresses in its design but later on it was found surrounding the nave and choir. After many numbers of constructions to Notre Dame in Paris, the thinner walls that were very popular at that time of Gothic style grew to be extremely high which resulted in a lot of stress factors and the walls seems to start pushing outwards. Due to that the architects that were constructing the cathedral decided to build a lot of support surrounding the walls on the outside and then they continued to add them like that on the outside. In the 1970s during the drastic French Revolution a lot of ruin and violation was happening to the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris causing many of the religious images to be destroyed and damaged. In the 19th century though the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris went through very severe restoration plans and whe n that was done the Cathedral actually went back to the way it was before. History Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was known for its dominance on the Seine and the Ile de la Cite in addition to the history of Paris. The Romans decided to built right next to the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, a temple for Jupiter and then later on another building was added by the Christian Basilica, last but not least in the end they built Cathedral of St. Etienne which is established in 528 by Childebert (Romanesque church). Bishop of Paris named Maurice de Sully decided to expand the population and built a new cathedral which was devoted for the Virgin Mary. The construction in 1163 was started but it wasnt really completed until around 1345 which is like 180 years later on. The Cathedral tells a lot of stories in the Bible when it comes to its portals and stained glass and paintings, maybe because it was finished and constructed in the illiterate age. The choir was finished around 1183 and later on a lot of work started being done on the nave and it was finished around 1208, the w est front and towers finished in 1225 1250 approximately right after the nave. Around 1235 1250 many never chapels were followed and added to the nave and later during the 1296 1330 some were also added to the apse, (Pierre de Chelles and Jean Ravy). In 1250 1267 transept crossings were established by Pierre de Montreuil which is the architect for the Sainte Chapelle and Jean de Chelles. You can tell the design was very early Gothic because of the slim elements that articulate the wall and the sic part rib vaults. The Interior was very changed and reconstructed in the middle 13th century because of the enlargement downward of the clerestory windows that are exactly from the early Gothic style causing it to be filled with very High Gothic tracery. The triforium was removed because of all the enlargements. Usually you can find four story elevation in the Interior which is normal when it comes to early Gothic churches, in addition to that the triforiun was very different because it had large opening that are round instead of arcades that are very normal. If you look at the buildings youd realize that they are very High Gothic and thats how they look from the exterior. The features are very noticeable and include tracery screen and profusion of colonnettes, it also had vertical and horizontal orders of the facades, the gracefulness of the flying buttresses and the striking the size of the rose windows. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris had a very flourishing history for centuries. Before crusaders would go to their holy war, they used to always pray there. In addition to that, many polyphonic music was being established inside the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. During the French Revolution a lot of catastrophes occurred. Notre Dame Cathedral ion Paris was very badly damaged, not to mention many other cathedrals located all around France. You can very clearly see that a lot of saints were beheaded at the Cathedrale St Etienne in Bourges. Many citizens though did not understand those statues and they thought the statues of saints found over the portals located on the west front was a kind of representation of their kings and specially in the middle of their passion for the revolution, they were taken down. Those statues were found in the year of 1970, around approximately two hundred years afterwards also in the Latin Quarter. A lot of these cathedrals treasures were badly damaged or severely destroyed and the only thing that stayed fine was the great bells that avoided being melted down. Thanks to the revolution a lot of the cathedrals were dedicated to the cult of Reason and afterwards they also became dedicated to the cult of Supreme being instead. The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was found to be a warehouse to store food in the interior. Napoleon decided to crown himself as an emperor thinking that he would emphasize the important and primacy of the state over the church, later own Josephine was also crowned, and his empress was hi s Martinique born wife. Pope Pius the VII raised no objections because any way the job would have been done by an archbishop. A writer called Victor Hugo and another artist like Ingres called a lot of attention to the fact that the state was in dangerous and it was in disrepair where the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris fell which raised a lot of awareness when it comes to the value of art. The creations of the Middle Ages in the 18th century were being ignored by the neoclassicists, the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris stained galas was being replaced by normal glass. In the 19th century many romantics realized how remote the period was with the greater appreciation and the new eyes. Construction When the church found in Paris became the Parisian church of the kinds of Europe in 1160, Maurica de Sully who is the Bishop he decided to consider the old Cathedral in Paris (Saint Etienne/St Stephens), it was built in the 14th century, but it was later on demolished after he assumed the name or title of Bishop of Paris, due to its lofty role and unworthiness. There were many myths when it comes to foundations, this has to be taken into account with a grain of salt, in the 20th century archeological excavations were suggested saying that the Merovingian Cathedral should be Replaced by Sully who was itself a very massive structure having a faà §ade of 36m across and a five aisled nave. In order for the Bishop to justify the rebuilding of the newer style he used the excuse which was the fact that there were many faults of the old structure being exaggerated. It is said that Sully had a very glorious vision about the Cathedral that was rebuilt in Paris and then it is said that he also sketched it on the ground where the actual church was found. In order for them to start the construction the bishop made more than one house become demolished or ruined and he built a new road for the material to be transported through to finish what is left of the Cathedral in Paris. While Louis VII was in reign in 1163 the construction started. There were many conflicts whether it was Pope Alexander the III or Sullt who built and laid out the stone foundation of the Cathedral in Paris but still it wasnt a big deal because they were present in the ceremony question. Most of Bishop de Sully and his life was devoted and dedicated to the construction of the Cathedral in Paris.from 1163 till approximately around 1177 the choir construction started to take place. In addition to that the construction of the new High Altar was set apart in around 1182, that seemed to be a normal thing to have the new churchs eastern end to be finished first in order for the temporary wall would be put up on the west of the choir letting the chapter be used without any interruptions while the shape of the building was slowly being established. Bishop Maurice de Sully died in year 1196 and after that happened, Eudes de Sully was his successor saw the finishing of the transepts and continued with the nave which almost was finished before the time he died which was in the year 1208. (Bishop Maurice de sully and Eudes de Sully are not related). When this was the time, the faà §ade on the west was also being set up even though it was not finished fully until approximately around the middle of the 1240s.More than one architect were working on the site while the construction or building was still taking place, that information was obvious and made sure of due to the difference in heights found on the towers and the west front, and the different styles. The fourth architect saw the difference in the construction when it comes to the great halls beneath the towers and the level with the ros e window. In the latest Rayonnant style the transepts were changes and remodeled, that was the most noticeable and significant change in the design in the middle of the 13th century. Jean de Chelles included to the north transept a gabled portal and he ended it with a very marvelous rose window, that all happened in the 1240s. Pierre de Montreuil a bit after the year 1258 he made a very close scheme that is found on the transept on the South. Transept portals were both very full of embellished sculptures. On the portal to the south you find features that show scenes of the lives of St Stephen many other local saints, on the other hand you can find on the north portal features of the infancy Christ and the story of Theophilus that is in the tympanum, there was also a very influencing statue of Virgin Mary and the Child in the Trumeau. The Notre Dame Cathedral was really and officially finished around the year of 1345. Notre Dame bells In the Palace of Notre Dame in France there are five very popular bells. One is known as the Bourdon bell, this bell weighs more than thirteen tons and it was placed in the South Tower, it mainly was used for announcing the day hours for services and occasions. The other four bells were placed in the North Tower and they are as well used for many festivals, services and various occasions. Those bells worked manually before, for them to be rung someone had to go and do that, but now it is different and they re rung by electric motors as it was later discovered that when those bells were rung it could put the whole building in danger and making it all vibrate which was considered a threat to the bells reliability. Furthermore, those bells had hammers appointed externally that worked for tune playing that comes from a clavier Piano or the Organ Over the time many things were being added to the Cathedral from which were the several organs that have been installed, but the first several ones were sufficient for the building and did not fit perfectly. Francois Henri Clicquot was responsible for building the first organ to be known that was finished by the 18th century. Today if you visit the Notre Dame Palace in France you can find that Francois Henri Clicquots original pipe work still sounds the same and it comes from the organ found in the pedal division. In the 19th century Aristide Cavaille Coll rebuilt the organ and finished expanding it. The position for the head or chief organist at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in France has been considered marvelous and one of the most extravagant and prestigious posts in France in addition to the post of Saint Sulpice in France which was the largest instrument built by Aristide Cavaille Coll. There are 7800 pipes found inside the organ and 900 of them are considered historical. It also has 110 stops, 32 key pedal board and 56 key manuals. The organ was computerized and controlled by three Local Area Networks (LANs) and it was fully finished by December of the year 1992. Quotes said by people We must remind ourselves that these monumental structures, although they remain intensely alive, are merely the skeletons of the cathedrals of medieval times. Compared with what it was when first created, the cathedral, as we see it now, is like a venerable old lady whose noble carriage barely suggests the striking belle she must have been in her youth. We should not only recall the past splendor of the cathedral, most of whose external adornment is now lost, but also attempt to understand what the cathedral was during the progress of its own creation; the role it played at the heart of the city that saw its birth among the people whose stubborn or enthusiastic will alone caused its skyward thrust. -Zoe Oldenbourg, With Stone and Faith Gothic architecture had a magnificent opportunity of development in the construction of the great cathedrals, which, in France, were all built at the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries. These were civil as well as ecclesiastical buildings; in fact, the distinction between the two provinces was a thing unknown at the time, and is wholly a modern idea, which we never probably would have had except for the differences in religious belief which arose among us at the Reformation. The state is merely the community acting in combination for those purposes in which combined action is more convenient than individual. With us these are now almost confined to justice, police, war, and possibly education. But when religious belief was uniform, as in the Middle Ages, state action included religion. The bishops and abbots were feudal barons, with civil jurisdiction; and, on the other hand, all state action had some religious character and sanction. The cathedrals were the great meeting-places of the city, used for secular purposes, such as the administration of justice, and even for histrionic performances (which, again, were religious in character), as well as formass. -John J. Stevenson, Gothic Architecture;Harpers New Monthly Magazine, 1876 And the cathedral was not only company for him, it was the universe; nay, more, it was Nature itself. He never dreamed that there were other hedgerows than the stained-glass windows in perpetual bloom; other shade than that of the stone foliage always budding, loaded with birds in the thickets of Saxon capitals; other mountains than the colossal towers of the church; or other oceans than Paris roaring at their feet. -Victor Hugo, Notre Dame de Paris, 1831 Historic Timeline 1160   The Cathedral is ordered to be destroyed by Maurice de Sully. 1163   The Construction of Notre Dame Palace in France is started. 1196   The death of Bishop Maurice de Sully. 1200   The Western Faà §ade work starts being established. 1208   The Nave vaults are almost finished/ the death of Bishop Eudes de Sully. 1225   The completion of the Western Faà §ade. 1250   Completion of the North rose window and Western Towers. 1245/1260   Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil remodeled the transept into the Rayonnant style. 1250/1345   Everything else is finished. Definitions 1) Clavier: it is the bank of keys found on the piano keyboard or a musical instrument. 2) Transept: the wings of the church, it is a church that has a cross shaped portion that goes in a right angle through the long central side of the nave. 3)  Crypt: an underground chamber for burial or a vault or a cellar, usually found under a church. 4) Nave: the centre part or area of a church. 5) Rayonnant style: it is the period where the French Gothic architecture was developed in the 1240 and 1350 century. The Rayonnant style is known by taking the focus away from big scale and spatial rationalism when it comes to buildings, it takes us to a more of a two dimentional style on the surface having decoration that are repetitive with different sizes. References 1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris 2) http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Cathedrals/Paris/Notre-Dame.shtml 3) http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/paris-notre-dame-cathedral 4) http://elore.com/Gothic/History/Overview/paris.htm 5) http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Notre_Dame_Cathedral.html 6) http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/The-west-facade 7) http://www.wallpaper-z.com/images/thumbnails/notre-dame-paris-402.jpg 8) http://elore.com/Gothic/History/Overview/paris.htm 9) http://artcolima31.blogspot.com/2009/09/notre-dame-cathedral-alejandra-velasco.html 10) http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/The-Crown-of-Light 11) http://yeinjee.com/travel/2005/cathedrale-notre-dame-de-paris/ 12) http://www.shafe.co.uk/art/Chapels_and_Chapel_Decoration.asp 13) http://www.zimbio.com/Jimmy+Clausen/articles/321/Gargoyles+Notre+Dame+cathedral+Paris+Photos 14) http://vooltour.com/world/?p=167 15) http://www.saulgallery.com/chronicle/stephenson_vaults.html 16) http://www.cca.qc.ca/en/collection/406-laszlo-moholy-nagy-notre-dame-de-paris 17) http://www.mcah.columbia.edu/ha/html/medieval.html 18) http://cterfile.ed.uiuc.edu/mahara/view/view.php?id=79new=1

Photoreceptor Damage: Causes and Possibilities :: Medical Medicine Papers

Photoreceptor Damage: Causes and Possibilities Over 10,000,000 people around the world suffer from some sort of blindness or handicap due to photoreceptor damage. These effects can be caused by a number of afflictions, including retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, and tumors. These illnesses vary in severity from being a mere hindrance to completely blinding the individual. Until recently, those affected were left without hope of a cure or even a treatment that would somewhat improve their vision. But over the last few years, several groups of scientists have been working on a partial cure in the form of neuroprostheses, artificial devices which are inserted in the eye behind or on top of the damaged retinal area. These photoreceptive chips, in theory, should provide information too the healthy neurons residing in the retina, substituting for the damaged photoreceptors. When we open our eyes, millions of tiny events occur that allow us to see. Our pupils automatically constrict in accordance to the light level, the variable lens bends and adjusts to fit the distance of what we are looking, and our photoreceptors receive information in accordance to the previous factors. (This is extremely simplified, but it will suffice for now.) Photoreceptors are tiny, specialized neurons located in the retina at the back of the eye. There are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. Each follow the same principles: when light hits them they respond with a chemical reaction using a substance known as rhodopsin. Once this reaction occurs a chain of events sends this message down a number of sophisticated and specialized neurons, eventually reaching the brain and resulting in what we call sight. Rods (numbering one hundred million or so in each eye) are primarily in the periphery of our visual field. They are extremely sensitive to light and are often ÒtiedÓ together on a lower level to allow for greater sensitivity. Rods do not see in with good resolution and cannot differentiate colors. Cones (only five million or so exist) are mostly found on the center of the visual field, a place called the fovea. The words you are reading now are being processed by cones in the fovea. They operate in brighter light than rods and detect color (there are three types, each responding to a particular range of wavelengths). Cones do not pool their output and exist for resolution, not mere detection. The only drawback with the cone system is the amount of light saturation necessary to stimulate them and send their signal to the brain.

Langston Hughes and Robert Frost as Role Models Essay

â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Mother to Son† are both parables meant to teach lessons already learned by the experienced narrators. They are meant to teach the lesson that life is precious and once a decision is made it cannot be taken back. Therefore, make decisions careful because they will steer the course of your life. Also, both poems are narrated by a single person, implying that the choices that they have made and the hardships they have endured have been alone. This implies a strength and individuality from either narrator. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I — / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.† Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a lyrical poem about the decisions that one must make in life. When a man approaches a fork in the road on which he is traveling, he must choose which path to take. The choice that he makes, as with any choices made in life, affects him in a way that â€Å"has made all the difference.† Thematically, the poem argues that no matter how small a decision is, that decision will affect a person’s life forever. Frost uses the images presented in the poem in a very involved and general way. The paths and the fork no longer refer to their definitions, but instead as keywords in a description of life. Through the poem, Frost is defining life as a series of decisions. Some of these decisions may, at the time, be thought of as insignificant, while others could be thought of as very significant. Frost argues that a decision’s significance at the time is not really important, for any choice will change one’s life. Every day, people, including the narrator of the poem, are presented with â€Å"Two roads† that diverge â€Å"in a yellow wood.† These roads are not concrete or physical, but rather represent choices. The fact that one road is â€Å"grassy and wanted wear† while the other was commonly traversed shows the reader that some choices require one to choose something that is not commonly sought or to do something that is not commonly done. The total of these d ecisions leads people, like the reader, down a new path: a path that the narrator himself created. The narrator comes to the realization that every decision affects him when he says: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I –  I took the one less traveled by,  And that has made all the difference. The narrator also comes to the realization that once a choice is made, it is almost impossible to change that choice: â€Å"Oh, I kept the first for another day! / Yet knowing how way leads on to way, / I doubted if I should ever come back.† Frost recognizes something that everyone should realize. The simple picture of a man deciding which path to follow is suddenly changed into a description of life by the mastery of Frost’s poetic hand. No matter how small a decision appears to be at the time that it is made, that decision will affect a person’s life forever, or as Frost puts it, each and every choice will make â€Å"all the difference.† Langston Hughes makes use of an extended metaphor, the staircase, in â€Å"Mother to Son.† There are a multitude of possibilities as to what lies at the top of the staircase. In the context of the timeframe that this poem was written, the top of the staircase may represent the goals of the blacks. This could, for example, be a successful life. The narrator in the poem is a mother. She describes to her son that no matter what obstacles come in her way, she keeps climbing the stairs. â€Å"Tacks,† â€Å"splinters,† and other obstructions impede her ascent, but she refuses to â€Å"set down on the steps.† The nuisances could represent instances of discrimination. To delve deeper into the metaphors used here, a tack on a staircase is an item that must be placed there by another party. The tacks placed in the mother’s path could then be a specific oppressive incident performed by a white person. A splinter in the staircase is a negative by-product of the  staircase itself. Therefore, the mother’s â€Å"splinters† may have been the results of her actions upon her ongoing journey towards success. The mother also makes reference to â€Å"boards torn up.† If part of the staircase were torn up or missing, then that particular step must be skipped. One small step does not comprise an entire staircase, so it is not necessary to actively use each and every step to make it to the top. Some other parts of the stairs may not have carpeting on them. This would mean that if the mother fell, there is nothing to pad her fall, just the hard wood. Not only would it hurt to stumble and fall, knowing there is no kind of â€Å"safety net† degrades one’s sense of security. Despite the hardships that the mother faces, she keeps climbing towards her goal. She turns corners, unknowing of what might lie just beyond each bend. She continues on to where she is â€Å"sometimes goin’ in the dark.† She cannot see what might happen next, but her only two options are to go further or turn back. At this point, the mother advises her son, â€Å"don’t you turn back.† Clearly, the only thing to do is remain on course up the stairs. She insists that he is not to deviate from walking up those steps. If he stops and settles in one spot, he will find out that it is much harder to continue from this point. Near the end of the poem, the mother is stressing to her son that it is imperative that he strives to reach the top of the stairs, regardless of the difficulties. She has done the same and even to this point she continues to climb. The mother is faced with only the choices of succumbing to a difficult life or triumphing in it. The poem is clearly a testament to her perseverance in that she can tell her son what she has done and that she is still trudging up those stairs. In general, both poems show how there really is no such thing as fate and that making decisions will affect a person for the rest of their lives. In fact, these choices will help guide the course of their lives. They tell us that even if one’s choice seems like the less likely one, someone else has  probably already made this decision. They also tell us that every decision, even a small one, is important.

Swisher Mower Case

Swisher Mower and Machine Company Problem: Wayne Swisher the new president and CEO of Swisher Mower Company (SMC), is unsure of what the future holds for his firm. He was contacted by a major national retail merchandising chain about a private-brand distribution arrangement. Wayne Swisher needs to determine if he should accept the offer that was proposed by the national retail merchandising chain or reject it and continue on normal business. SWOT: Strengths: †¢Facilities have an annual production capacity of 10,000 riding mower units on a single 40-hour-per-week shift. †¢Developed great loyalty with dealers and distributors. Produced the first zero turning radius riding mower. †¢Produce high-quality mowers that are reliable and have great longevity. †¢Remained profitable since its founding. Weaknesses: †¢Limited distribution channels to only nonmetropolitan areas. †¢Produce mid-engine riding mowers while front engine mowers are more powerful and can hand le the bigger jobs. †¢Relies heavily and their Ride King and their T-44 trail mower only accounted for 8. 2 % of SMC’s total sales. Opportunities: †¢Plans to develop a walk behind trimmer and edger. †¢Have distributor arrangements in parts of Europe and the South Pacific which made up 5% of total sales. SMC could develop a riding snow thrower with their zero turn radius for the winter months. †¢Private brand distribution. †¢Sales projections for 1995 and 1996 are increasing from previous years. Threats: †¢Sales trends seem to be up and down. The sales are currently on the rise but history shows they could drop. †¢Ten manufactures make up the major competition in the riding lawn mower market. †¢Private label riding lawn mowers have captured a growing percentage of unit sales. †¢Developing a new product, the trim-max, shows that the riding lawn mower is in the mature or decline phase of the product life cycle. Critical Issues: †¢Industry statistics show that the riding mower sales are up and down. Currently, the market is on the rise but history shows it could drop. †¢SMC is a customer oriented company and Max Swisher’s wants to maintain a small company image. †¢The Ride King mower is in its mature or decline stage. †¢SMC produces high quality products that have a simple design for easy customer use and maintenance. †¢Private-label riding lawn mowers sales account for 40% of SMC sales. Private-label mowers account for 65 to 75% of the total industry sales. †¢75% of SMC’s sales are made in nonmetropolitan areas. Alternatives: AlternativeProsConsCost †¢Accept the offer from the major national retail merchandise chain for distribution of a private-brand. †¢The chain will cover all freight costs †¢The chain will do all advertising †¢The chain wants a sample order of 700 units and will place an order of approximately 8,200 units per year. †¢Distribution will broaden to metropolitan areas. †¢Chain wants to purchase the mowers at a price 5% lower than SMC’s manufactures. †¢No seasonal or promotional discounts. †¢SMC is liable for all personal injury claims. †¢Sales of SMC mowers by the chain could cannibalize existing sales. See Exhibit 1 †¢Reject the offer from the major national retail merchandise chain for distribution of a private-brand. †¢This would remain at the status quo. †¢Net Income is $430,200. †¢SMC could concentrate on developing the Trim-Max. †¢Will not get the exposure to the metropolitan areas. †¢If SMC rejects the offer, the chain may present the offer to some one else and this would increase their competition. †¢Private label mowers currently account for 65 to 75% of the total industry sales. SMC will maintain status quo and profit around $400,000 †¢More aggressively advertise the Ride King to try to gain market share in the metropolitan areas. Not necessary†¢This would gain a bigger percentage of the market share. †¢75% of SMC’s sales are made in non-metropolitan areas. SMC has this area covered pretty well. Could be the right time to move to metropolitan areas. †¢Advertising costs will go up. †¢Will need to produce more mowers therefore labor costs will go up. †¢Will need a bigger sales force. †¢Produce the new trimmer and edger product. Not necessary. The major decision is accept or reject the offer. †¢Ride King is in the mature or decline stage of product life cycle it may be time to introduce a new product. Walk behind trimmer is not on the market yet. †¢Labor costs will go up. †¢Storage costs may go up. †¢R&D will go up. †¢New products are sometimes tough to get on the market. Recommendations: I would recommend that SMC reject the offer put on the table by the major national retail merchandising chain that was asking about private band distribution for SMCà ¢â‚¬â„¢s line of riding lawn mowers. As shown in exhibit 1 net income decreases by a great deal. SMC’s current gross profit margin is 15% and this would decrease to 2%. There are also a few other negatives to accepting the offer that will cost SMC money. Sales of SMC mowers by the national chain merchandiser could cannibalize some of their existing sales and this is projected to be about 300 units per year. Also, the liabilities will go up on the SMC balance sheet because the chain wants SMC to assume all liabilities if any worker is hurt while using the mowerproducing the mowers. There are a few good reasons to accept the offer by the chain but I think the cons out weight the pros in this case. I think that SMC should try and advertise their Ride King more aggressively to the metropolitan areas while they are developing their new trimmer and edger product. Firms want to develop new products to stay profitable. Each product has a life cycle and when one product reaches its mature stage and starts to decline it is the best time to introduce a new product. This is the situation that SMC is looking at right now. I think the Ride King is mature and will start to decline. If SMC introduced the Trim-Max they will still be gaining profits because it will be going through its growing stage. They would be the first to the market with a walk behind trimmer. SMC is known for making high quality products and they should not have a problem introducing a trimmer to the market. Based on the information in the case SMC produces many different mowers that are mid-engine riding mowers. These are less powerful mowers and are great for use in metropolitan areas. This would be a great way to market their mowers and get them into the metropolitan areas easier. The national merchandising chain thought that there was a demand in the metropolitan areas for riding lawn mowers but the terms of their contract were not benefiting SMC. If SMC can get their mowers into these areas through their distributors without the national chain putting a private label on them they will become much more profitable.

Free Essays on Response To “The Story Of An Hour“

In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the main character Louise Mallard goes through a mandala like cycle of death and rebirth. The story starts out with Louise receiving news from a family friend that her husband Brently has died in an accident. At first, she reacts as any wife would, inconsolable by anyone, but then while she is sitting alone in her room, a change begins to happen. The change starts while she is looking out the window watching spring as it is born almost before her eyes. She begins to realize that she is no longer tied to the vows she made in marriage and can truly begin to live her life. She grows more and more excited at the endless opportunities her life now holds for her, instead of dreading a long life, she now embraces it. Louise, at this point, is reborn into a new life with endless possibilities, and she cannot wait to get started. She goes to her sister and together they triumphantly go downstairs to experience Louise’s new life together. But, with every birth there is, of course, death and Louise succumbs to this when her husband returns home alive and well, having never been in the accident. She goes from feeling triumphant and free without the burden of marriage, to once again feeling trapped. Louise soon is overcome by the grief she feels over losing her second chance and dies. The story clearly shows a mandala like cycle and all the motions and feelings we experience during that process.... Free Essays on Response To â€Å"The Story Of An Hourâ€Å" Free Essays on Response To â€Å"The Story Of An Hourâ€Å" In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the main character Louise Mallard goes through a mandala like cycle of death and rebirth. The story starts out with Louise receiving news from a family friend that her husband Brently has died in an accident. At first, she reacts as any wife would, inconsolable by anyone, but then while she is sitting alone in her room, a change begins to happen. The change starts while she is looking out the window watching spring as it is born almost before her eyes. She begins to realize that she is no longer tied to the vows she made in marriage and can truly begin to live her life. She grows more and more excited at the endless opportunities her life now holds for her, instead of dreading a long life, she now embraces it. Louise, at this point, is reborn into a new life with endless possibilities, and she cannot wait to get started. She goes to her sister and together they triumphantly go downstairs to experience Louise’s new life together. But, with every birth there is, of course, death and Louise succumbs to this when her husband returns home alive and well, having never been in the accident. She goes from feeling triumphant and free without the burden of marriage, to once again feeling trapped. Louise soon is overcome by the grief she feels over losing her second chance and dies. The story clearly shows a mandala like cycle and all the motions and feelings we experience during that process....

Summary How Group-Think Makes Killers Essay Example

Summary How Group Summary How Group-Think Makes Killers Paper Summary How Group-Think Makes Killers Paper The article starts by describing the setting in which an experiment, which was designed by psychologist Philip G. Zanzibar of the University of Stanford was conducted. The experiment involved college students who are to be divided into two groups one, the prison guards, and two, the inmates. However, six days after the experiment started, the experiment had to be stopped due to the abusive and sadistic behavior of the prison guards towards the inmates. Zanzibar explained the sudden change in behavior of the young men by saying that in a large group, one loud disregard any laws as he becomes nameless with respect to the crowd. Today, it is often cited to support the idea of the evil collection. Although groups do sway their members into doing things which they would not be doing in their normal daily life, those actions are as equally likely to be positive as it is to be negative. The same experiment, aired by BBC, was conducted by British psychologists Stephen D. Richer and S. Alexander Hassle and was met by a different scenario, that is, the guards in in their experiment acted insecurely which led them to conclude that the behavior of a roof depends on the members expectations of the social role they should play. Although psychologists may disagree over how individuals might behave in a crowd, they do agree on one fundamental point: lost in a collective, the individual outgrows himself, for good or bad. Giving Up l for We The BBC experiment refutes the widespread negative view that in a crowd, an individuals identity dissolves and the person is carried away to commit immoral, irrational deeds. Psychologists have demystified collective behavior, showing that normal, scientifically explainable psychological actions are taking place and that it is tot pathological. However, when an individual Joins a social group, he or she is somehow stripped off of his or her individual identity. Gustavo El Bon, a French physician and sociologist, maintained that individuals in a group lose their identity and thus, self-control; and guided only by emotions and instincts, they operate under a primitive force he called the racial unconscious. Fanatical Norms William McDougall, a British-born psychologist, who formulated the so-called group- mind hypothesis, said that however Joins a crowd, gives up his identity in favor of a collective soul. Another experiment in the sass consisted of participants that were randomly assigned to groups according to trivial criteria and although the assignment was arbitrary, it created a strong group sense and analogous behavior. Henry Taffeta and John C. Turner, psychologists if the University of Bristol in England and the Australian National University in Canberra, formulated in the sass the social identity theory which states that belonging to a group created a we feeling in an individual, a sense of a collective self. Summary How Group-Think Makes Killers By Snowboard

Mt St Helens 1980 Eruption

Mt St Helens 1980 Eruption At 8:32 a.m. on May 18, 1980, the volcano located in southern Washington called Mt. St. Helens erupted. Despite the many warning signs, many were taken by surprise by the blast. The Mt. St. Helens eruption was the worst volcanic disaster in U.S. history, causing the deaths of 57 people and approximately 7,000 large animals. Â   A Long History of Eruptions Mt. St. Helens is a composite volcano within the Cascade Range in what is now southern Washington, approximately 50 miles northwest of Portland, Oregon. Though Mt. St. Helens is approximately 40,000-years old, it is considered a relatively young, active volcano. Mt. St. Helens historically has had four extended periods of volcanic activity (each lasting hundreds of years), interspersed with dormant periods (often lasting thousands of years). The volcano is currently in one of its active periods. Native Americans living in the area have long known that this was not an ordinary mountain, but one that had fiery potential. Even the name, Louwala-Clough, a Native American name for the volcano, means smoking mountain. Mt. St. Helens Discovered by Europeans The volcano was first discovered by Europeans when British Commander George Vancouver of the H.M.S.Discovery spotted Mt. St. Helens from the deck of his ship while he was exploring the northern Pacific Coast from 1792 to 1794. Commander Vancouver named the mountain after his fellow countryman, Alleyne Fitzherbert, the Baron St. Helens, who was serving as the British ambassador to Spain. Piecing together eyewitness descriptions and geologic evidence, it is believed that Mt. St. Helens erupted somewhere between 1600 and 1700, again in 1800, and then quite frequently during the 26-year span of 1831 to 1857. After 1857, the volcano grew quiet. Most people who viewed the 9,677-foot tall mountain during the 20th century, saw a picturesque backdrop rather than a potentially deadly volcano. Thus, not fearing an eruption, many people built houses around the base of the volcano. Warning Signs On March 20, 1980, a 4.1 magnitude earthquake struck underneath Mt. St. Helens. This was the first warning sign that the volcano had reawakened. Scientists flocked to the area. On March 27, a small explosion blew a 250-foot hole in the mountain and released a plume of ash. This caused fears of injuries from rockslides so the entire area was evacuated. Similar eruptions to the one on March 27 continued for the next month. Though some pressure was being released, large amounts were still building. In April, a large bulge was noticed on the north face of the volcano. The bulge grew quickly, pushing outward about five feet a day. Though the bulge had reached a mile in length by the end of April, the plentiful plumes of smoke and seismic activity had begun to dissipate. As April drew to a close, officials were finding it increasingly difficult to maintain the evacuation orders and road closures due to pressures from homeowners and the media as well as from stretched budget issues. Mt. St. Helens Erupts At 8:32 a.m. on May 18, 1980, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake struck under Mt. St. Helens. Within ten seconds, the bulge and surrounding area fell away in a gigantic, rock avalanche. The avalanche created a gap in the mountain, allowing the release of pent-up pressure that erupted laterally in a huge blast of pumice and ash. The noise from the blast was heard as far away as Montana and California; however, those close to Mt. St. Helens reported hearing nothing. The avalanche, huge to begin with, quickly grew in size as it crashed down the mountain, traveling around 70 to 150 miles per hour and destroying everything in its path. The blast of pumice and ash traveled northward at 300 miles per hour and was a raging hot 660Â ° F (350Â ° C). The blast killed everything in a 200-square mile area. Within ten minutes, the plume of ash had reached 10 miles high. The eruption lasted nine hours. Death and Damage For the scientists and others who were caught in the area, there was no way to outrun either the avalanche or the blast. Fifty-seven people were killed. It is estimated that about 7,000 large animals such as deer, elk, and bears were killed and thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of small animals died from the volcanic eruption. Mt. St. Helens had been surrounded by a lush forest of coniferous trees and numerous clear lakes before the blast. The eruption felled entire forests, leaving only burned tree trunks all flattened in the same direction. The amount of timber destroyed was enough to build about 300,000 two-bedroom homes. A river of mud traveled down the mountain, caused by melted snow and released groundwater, destroying approximately 200 houses, clogging up shipping channels in the Columbia River, and contaminating the beautiful lakes and creeks in the area. Mt. St. Helens is now only 8,363-feet tall, 1,314-feet shorter than it was before the explosion. Though this explosion was devastating, it will certainly not be the last eruption from this very active volcano.

How is the conflict between good and evil portrayed in beowulf Essay

How is the conflict between good and evil portrayed in beowulf - Essay Example Beowulf, the mythical epic hero, symbolizes the good and the righteous in the society. He is depicted as a selfless being that is willing to fight a monster and help the other members of the society overcome the forces of darkness. This is clearly seen when Beowulf travel miles to Danes, another country in order to help the King of the country and his subjects to fight against a monster known as Grendel who is ambushing and mauling the people. However, Beowulf died while fighting the monster dragon in an attempt to save the people from its evil and vengeance. By risking his own life, to protect humans from the evil monster, Beowulf symbolizes the Biblical Jesus, ‘the prince of goodness’, who died to save the oppressed (Hieatt 34). On the other hand, Grendel and his mother are the two main monsters representing evil in the society. The two monsters are depicted as the descendants of the biblical Cain who was cursed by God after he killed his brother Abel (line 121). Grendel was described vividly as a vicious monster that was an offspring of everything evil. He is the villain who ambushes and kills innocent people for fun. Grendel was on a daily basis struggle to destroy everything around him while Beowulf tried to do good all the time. Beowulf therefore is portrayed as God (good) and Grendel was Cain (evil). The poet actually based his work from the biblical creation story. Grendel symbolizes evil just like the biblical Cain who was shunned by God after he killed brother. Beowulf had the same feeling of hatred for Grendel. God totally refused to grant Grendel forgiveness but favored Beowulf pride at the expense of Grendel’s sins. In the battle, God granted Beowulf overwhelming victory. The ruler of heaven and earth thus brought about a right issue when once more he stood up victorious and with ease. Throughout this poem the Christian symbolizes the element of good and evil as well as heaven and

Careers in Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Careers in Math - Essay Example This change in gas prices has been attributed to many things, including the war in Iraq, and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. This is a real life example of the pre-calculus concept of functions. The problems with modeling this situation are obvious. There are so many factors that could be involved it is difficult to tell which is the actual cause of the change, and then there is the difficulty with the rate of change. Finally, there is the pesky problem of the spot price and the difficulties with assessing how spot prices affect retail prices. Retail prices usually follow the spot price shifts, but they sometimes lag behind (This Week in Petroleum 2005). These are the sorts of issues that must be analyzed and solved by mathematicians working out in the real world. One person who designs and runs numerous mathematical models for decision making purposes is Amanda Peterson, who works in the Operations Research department of the Dynamic Research Corporation. Often, decision problems can be solved using mathematical equations, but there are "cases when the situation is too detailed for a math model alone or the customer prefers a more visual product" (MAA Online 2005). Then she writes a computer program called a simulation model to simulate the different aspects of the problem. Decision makers can use this model to test different scenarios.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

History - Essay Example However, at the same time some of the historians criticize this proposition and associate the turn of the tide with 1944 as Germans weren’t driven away until this time. However, the most viable and rational approach suggests that it was back in 1942 that the war took a turn and victory was assured as the first victory took place at this time. To understand the proposition in entirety, the shift in strategies needs to be understood. For this reason, it would be reasonable enough to discuss a little background of the operations. In 1941 when Germany attacked Soviet Union under the name of operation Barbarossa, Soviet Union was completely unprepared (Wienberg 1994). Thus, when the territories were attacked by the army a very high success was achieved by the Germans right in the beginning. This affected the morals of the Red Army as they were superior quantitatively, but their action was still limited to taking defensive actions which were ineffective in the beginning. However, the morals were retrieved in the winter attacks by the Red Army counter-attacks undertaken which proved to be of limited effect. In 1942, Red Army took advantage of the unorganized status of the German Army and launched an offensive attack. Though tangible objectives weren’t reached but Operation Barbarossa launched by Germans failed to a large extent. This was definitely a turning point, as the Red Army was now aware of the fact that they will eventually be able to defeat the German Army as it was losing control and command. Hitler had no specific objective in mind, and he had launched attacks on various fronts. This required long term planning with a narrow focus, which was somehow lacking thus loop holes were left which proved to be beneficial for the Soviets. Despite continuous efforts, the Soviet army wasn’t able to conquer either Moscow or Leningrad for that matter. To generate an

Phase 2 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phase 2 DB - Essay Example The brand image of the company and its products would greatly influence the very being of the training requirements so that they are able to focus on customer demands. The competitive advantage of the firm would be a positive signal for getting the products across and making the right kind of move for getting the job done. The training requirements for the firm’s products can be arranged to the separate division for the company to plan and would take care of such requirements. Creating a new division for the sake of catering the training requirements would enhance the aims of the company so that they are able to meet with the company policies and at the same time take full advantage of the brand image of the company on the whole. The training and consultation requirements form a major requirement of the company and would entail the greater allocation of resources at their disposal and management commitment are the strongest points for getting the proper management of the new division of the firm. The catering of the services to the customers would meet the objectives of the firm so that they are able to render better services in the form of getting the products perform better and render after sales service. It has been pointed out that the negative sequence of the profit margin is due to costs incurred by the company so that they are able to manage the company’s resources. A new division is more beneficial to establishing a new separate company so that they are able to cut costs and take the operations to a new different level. The training demands for the products are likely to increase the bulk of orders and would promote a sense of vision for the marketing of the products so that it can be taken up for the purpose of achieving the goodwill of the customers at a large scale. Creating a new company for meeting the training demands would entail separation of some employees to the new organization which

Fitness trainer cerfifcate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fitness trainer cerfifcate - Essay Example The initial exercise schedule involvedflexing body muscle for 10-15 minutes on daily basis. It was helpful for him to lose weight systematically without getting too much busyin gym. To go with this there was also slow twitch and fast twitch of his muscle in the work out process which was helpful for muscle fiber training. Ashe wanted to lose 20kg of weight, 3 day per week in gym wasa standard schedule for him. The gym schedule involvedproper flexing of muscle, 60-80 reps per movement under proper guidance; 4 to 6 different kind of free hand exercise was his routine in the every work out session with proper dietwas helpful for him to lose 20 kg of weight. Generally to ensure weight loss one has to ensure that insulin engine in his body is shut down. So the food preference was strictly involving less sugar, lesser consumption of meat, fat and carbohydrates. The workout routine was also consisted of daily free hand exercise for 5-10 which was helpful to keep his body mass index properly . (Ladd, 2004; 17). Following is the flowchart of his training for a 6-8 week plan to lose weight: 3 sets of sideways pull downs on cable machine; 3 sets of bicycle program; jogging on treadmill for 10-12 minutes, 3 sets of swings with dumbbells; 3 sets of bends onto stability ball and 30 minutes of brisk walking. For the next part of this exercises plan, the client was instructed to repeat he above schedule with an increase in the number of sets or movement in each steps. He was also instructed to keep in mind that the number of steps must be within his limitation and based on his power and body strength. (Lose weight in 8) He was also instructed to follow the food habit, strictly avoiding food which was rich in cholesterol and fat. Regular eating was consisting of light foods and lots of water and green vegetables to ensure that he was healthy and fit throughout the work out process. 2.

Choose by your own no specific topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Choose by your own no specific topic - Essay Example it were a rational fallacy in perfect harmony with the fallacy of composition; the exposure of such eliminates metaphysical and naturalistic ethics and makes the arguments of intuitionists correct. However, on a deeper analysis, naturalistic fallacy is an assumption, not a tool to resolve the debate. The concept of a naturalistic fallacy has been related to the idea of a split between the descriptive and the normative and between the ‘is’ and the ‘ought’. However when the intuitionists confirm the split of the ‘is’ and the ‘ought’, they suggest more than the idea that ethical principles cannot be inferred from non-ethical principles. As pointed out by Moore, ‘pleasantness’ and ‘yellow’ cannot be defined in non-ethical ways, yet they are natural aspects and part of ‘is’ concept. . It is evident that the naturalistic fallacy cannot be considered a logical fallacy, because it could be included even if the premise is true. Of the fallacies known and recognized in philosophy the naturalistic fallacy is the most popular or widely used. For scholars of a given type of ethical theory, which is widespread in the Americas and Europe, and which is diversely referred to as ‘intuitionism’, ‘non-naturalism’, or ‘objectivism’, have often criticized their rivals for perpetrating the naturalistic fallacy (Foot, 2002, 51). Several of these rivals have intensely rejected the accusation of fallacy, others have reacted to it briefly, and in all the concept of a naturalistic fallacy had a major importance in ethical texts. However, despite its popularity and controversy, the naturalistic fallacy has been largely ignored (Foot, 2002), and, thus, this paper analyzes this concept. Specifically, this paper argues that naturalistic fallacy is essential, especially in the field of ethical theory and practice. The naturalistic fallacy was defined and coined in 1903 by G.E. Moore, a British philosopher. According to him, a naturalistic fallacy is

Fitness trainer cerfifcate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fitness trainer cerfifcate - Essay Example The initial exercise schedule involvedflexing body muscle for 10-15 minutes on daily basis. It was helpful for him to lose weight systematically without getting too much busyin gym. To go with this there was also slow twitch and fast twitch of his muscle in the work out process which was helpful for muscle fiber training. Ashe wanted to lose 20kg of weight, 3 day per week in gym wasa standard schedule for him. The gym schedule involvedproper flexing of muscle, 60-80 reps per movement under proper guidance; 4 to 6 different kind of free hand exercise was his routine in the every work out session with proper dietwas helpful for him to lose 20 kg of weight. Generally to ensure weight loss one has to ensure that insulin engine in his body is shut down. So the food preference was strictly involving less sugar, lesser consumption of meat, fat and carbohydrates. The workout routine was also consisted of daily free hand exercise for 5-10 which was helpful to keep his body mass index properly . (Ladd, 2004; 17). Following is the flowchart of his training for a 6-8 week plan to lose weight: 3 sets of sideways pull downs on cable machine; 3 sets of bicycle program; jogging on treadmill for 10-12 minutes, 3 sets of swings with dumbbells; 3 sets of bends onto stability ball and 30 minutes of brisk walking. For the next part of this exercises plan, the client was instructed to repeat he above schedule with an increase in the number of sets or movement in each steps. He was also instructed to keep in mind that the number of steps must be within his limitation and based on his power and body strength. (Lose weight in 8) He was also instructed to follow the food habit, strictly avoiding food which was rich in cholesterol and fat. Regular eating was consisting of light foods and lots of water and green vegetables to ensure that he was healthy and fit throughout the work out process. 2.

War on Terrorism and the Effect on Muslim Americans Essay Example for Free

War on Terrorism and the Effect on Muslim Americans Essay The American led war on terrorism has brought numerous concerns among human rights activists across the globe. This is because the war has been perceived as a tool for victimizing and discriminating individuals of the Islamic religion and nationality. Such have been closely attributed to the fact that the American nation blames Al-Qaeda and other Islamic terrorist groups of responsibility in many terror attacks in the world. Due to this reason, members of the Muslim American community are living in constant fear of discrimination, racial profiling and harassment by law enforcement since the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers (Elaasar 93). In addition, increased publicity of organized crime group affiliated to the Islamic religion being involved in terrorism has evident discriminative attitude of Muslim Americans by other members of the society. This attitude is worsened by the provisions of the Patriotic Act of 2001 giving the government more power to identify and mitigate terrorism, most of which contradict the constitutional provisions on civil rights in America (Elaasar 93). This has denied Muslim Americans their rights to freedom of movement, privacy and free association. Despite the fact that the American government owes its citizens a duty to security against the disastrous social and economic effects of terrorism, such should not be taken as an excuse for victimizing members of the community simply due to their religion and nationality of origin. This paper identifies and discusses the effects brought by the war on terrorism to members of the Muslim American community. War on terrorism War on terrorism is a concerted effort by nations led by the United States to identify and eliminate members of organized crime groups which are engaged in executing terrorist activities across the globe (Sides and Gross). Although terrorism has for long been a major threat to security in countries particularly the US, the new struggle to combat was triggered by the bloody terrorist attack of the New York-based World Trade Center on September 11th 2001. True from available literature, the war on terrorism involves almost all aspects of sustainable social, security, political, and economic development strategies (Sides and Gross). Such are evident from the American led invasion in both Iraq and Afghanistan which witnessed the overthrowing of leaderships purported to promoting terrorist activities. On the other hand, numerous intelligence efforts have been engaged by respective law enforcement agents across the globe to identify terrorist group cycles and eliminate them. This also serves in enhancing the process of detecting, possible terrorism threats, target, and time of a planed attack to ensure adequate preparedness of the force in preventing and responding to such incidences. In addition, corporation among governments on the fight against terrorism has been on the increase. This has been closely attributed to the fact that terrorism threats are increasingly spreading to unexpected regions. As an emphasis to this claim, numerous attacks have been perpetuated by terrorists groups against their own members. Available information linking terrorist activities to Muslims claim of declaration of western civilization as the number one enemy to the Muslim community by Osama led Al-Qaeda terrorist group. thus, the numerous reported incidences of terrorist attacks in Muslim dominated nations is an indicator of the changing approach of terrorist, thus making every nation potentially vulnerable to terrorist attacks (Sides and Gross). On the other hand, the war on terrorism has taken a new approach as terrorist groups shifts attacks to cyber terrorism. This is one of the mainly purpose of the 2001 Patriotic Act which allows for increased government surveillance over the internet to help identify terror suspects executing crime activities online. The war on terrorism also covers the economic dimensions of the groups across the global society (Maira, and Jamal 12). Just to appreciate is the fact that executing a terrorist attack is highly involving financially. On the other side, available information from intelligence agencies has established that most individuals engaged in implementing terrorist attacks are funded by sponsors of terrorist groups. This has the implication that mitigating free flow of financial support to terrorism group serves an instrumental role in compromising their capacity to threaten security in the security. It is due to this reason why the American government has put in place checks and balances for qualifying the authenticity of transferring huge amount of money to individual (s) across the border. In addition, criminal activities like money laundering are perceived as a potential factor to the success of terrorist groups in the globe. Moreover, reports from the FBI has indicated a close link between organized crime groups in the nation and potential collaboration with terrorist groups to execute terrorists attacks in the US (Maira, and Jamal 27). This report claims that currently the American nation has an estimated over 31,000 organized crime groups spread across its numerous states. It is due to this reason why the American government is strongly involving its resource on the war on drug cartels and other violent organized crime groups. ? Effects of War on Terrorism on Muslim Americans The war on terrorism has many negative implications on the social and economic sustainability of the Muslim American community members. True to the letter, it is no doubt clear that terrorism activities in the western world are closely associated with members of Islamic religion or nationality of origin (Elaasar 20). This can be evident from historical claims which shown a longstanding conflict between Christianity and its western civilization and the Arabic world civilization. This is further complicated by the fact that all major terrorist attacks which have occurred in the world find claims of perpetuation by Islamic oriented terrorist groups. Muslim Americans have become victims of denied constitutional rights following the intensification of the war on terrorism since late 2001. According to available information, law enforcement agents have been granted legal authority to conduct unwarranted search and seizure on based on reasonable suspicion under the anti-terrorist war platform (Malkin 67). It is worthy noting that due to racial profiling by the law enforcement, most victims of terrorism suspicion are from the Islamic community. This has the indication that the war on terrorism has compromised the ability of the Muslim American community members to enjoy their constitutional rights to privacy and warranted search and seizure (Al-Marayati). In addition, the existing laws on terrorism find much contradiction to the provisions of the due process clause of the constitution. Unlike suspects of other crimes who enjoy their right to a legal counsel as well as speedy trail, victims of terrorism suspicion do not. Anti-terrorism laws allow for the putting terrorists suspects in custody for long period before taking them to court (Pew Research Center 35). In addition, the laws allows for deporting of terrorism suspect without giving them opportunity for a court trail. All these contradictions of the constitutional rights against the defendants of terrorism are inhuman, a factor which significantly affect the Muslim Americans for being the main victims of terrorist suspects in the nation. Another effect of the war on terrorism on Muslim Americans is increased social stigmatization and discrimination in the local community. Terrorism threats remain one of the most feared security threats among citizens of the United States. On the other hand, the population has been overwhelmed by the claim that Muslims are the major perpetuators of these dangerous activities. Due to this perception Muslim Americans find limited appreciation by other members in the social and economic fronts of the community (Pew Research Center 49). Such are no doubt a negation of their constitutional right to equal opportunity in the US. This can also be seen as a source of violence and hatred against this minority group. Some opponents of the war on terrorism claim of its effects in compromising commitment of the Muslim believer to effectively practice their religion. The enforcement of anti-terrorism laws in American has limited the ability of the Muslim Americans to engage in charitable works; a crucial religious requirement in the Islamic faith. According to the laws, transferring large sums of money to other nations by Muslims should involve verification from the law enforcement (Shah). Still, these members find much government resistance to engage in organized group contributions to help fellow Muslims in poor nations. It is worth noting that the threat posed on Muslim Americans by the war on terrorism is to be blamed for the reluctance by some members to fully commit to the faith to avoid harassment. Muslim Americans before/after 9/11 vs. Japanese Americans after WWI The relationship between the western and the Middle East has never been without conflict. However, such were not evidently affecting the social and economic aspects of Muslim American until the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks in the US (Maira, and Jamal 26). This was due to the perception brought to the local against the Islamic community given the damage that was caused by the attack. On the other hand, the engagement of the government in intensive efforts to combat terrorism across the global is also to be blamed for worsening the lives of Muslim Americans (Menchik, and Payam). It is worthy appreciating that the war on terrorism has so far only identified members of Islamic community as the cause of threat to the community. Indeed, this relationship current problem facing Muslim Americans can be related to that of Japanese Americans during the WWI. According to historical information, Japan was perceived as a major enemy of the United States following their attack of an American submarine in the peril harbor (Arat 67). The information indicates that this attack was the driving force to America’s entering into the Second World War. Such enmity is no doubt evident from the later use of atomic bombs against the Japanese nation by the Americans during the WWII. Conclusion It has been established that the war on terrorism has negatively affected the Muslim American community. This is because it has led to the formulation and enforcement of laws which are discriminative to suspected or perceived members of terrorist groups. In addition, these laws have led to racial profiling and encouraged arrest of individual based of the principles of guilty by association. All these contradict the fundamental constitutional and universal human rights of terrorist suspects; most of who are Muslims.

A Critical Analysis Of The

A Critical Analysis Of The This essay will present a reflective account of communication skills in practice whist undertaking assessment and history taking of two Intensive Care patients with a similar condition. It will endeavour to explore all aspects of non verbal and verbal communication styles and reflect upon these areas using Gibbs reflective cycle (1988). Scenario A Mrs James, 34, a passenger in a road traffic collision who was not wearing a seatbelt was thrown through the windscreen resulting in multiple facial wounds with extensive facial swelling which required her to be intubated and sedated. She currently has cervical spine immobilisation and is awaiting a secondary trauma CT. Mr James was also involved in the accident. Scenario B Mr James, 37, husband of Mrs James, the driver of the car, was wearing his seat belt. He had minor superficial facial wounds, fractured ribs and a fractured right arm. He is alert and orientated but currently breathless and requiring high oxygen concentrations. Patients who are admitted to Intensive Care are typically admitted due to serious ill health or trauma that may also have a potential to develop life threatening complications (Udwadia, 2005). These patients are usually unconscious, have limited movement and have sensation deprivation due to sedation and/or disease processes. These critical conditions rely upon modern technical support and invasive procedures for the purpose of monitoring and regulation of physiological functions. Having the ability to effectively communicate with patients, colleagues and their close relatives is a fundamental clinical skill in Intensive Care and central to a skilful nursing practice. Communication in Intensive Care is therefore of high importance (Elliot, 1999) to provide information and support to the critically ill patient in order to reduce their anxieties, stresses and preserve self identity, self esteem and reduce social isolation (Joà £o: 2009, Alasad: 2004, Newmarch:2006). Effective communic ation is the key to the collection of patient information, delivering quality of care and ensuring patient safety. Gaining a patients history is one of the most important skills in medicine and is a foundation for both the diagnosis and patient clinician relationship, and is increasingly being undertaken by nurses (Crumbie, 2006). Commonly a patient may be critically ill and therefore the ability to perform a timely assessment whilst being prepared to administer life saving treatment is crucial (Carr, 2005). Often the patient is transferred from a ward or department within the hospital where a comprehensive history has been taken with documentation of a full examination; investigations, working diagnosis and the appropriate treatment taken. However, the patients history may not have been collected on this admission if it was not appropriate to do so. Where available patients medical notes can provide essential information. In relation to the scenarios where the patient is breathless or the patient had a reduced conscious level and requires sedation and intubation, effective communication is restricted and obtaining a comprehensive history would be inappropriate and almost certainly unsafe. The Nursing Midwifery Council promotes the importance of keeping clear and accurate records within the Code: Standards of Conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives (NMC, 2008). Therefore if taking a patients history is unsafe to do so, this required to be documented. Breathing is a fundamental life process that usually occurs without conscious thought and, for the healthy person is taken for granted (Booker, 2004). In Scenario A, Mrs Jamess arrived on Intensive care and was intubated following her facial wounds and localised swelling. Facial trauma by its self is not a life threatening injury, although it has often been accompanied with other injuries such as traumatic brain injury and complications such as airway obstruction. This may have been caused by further swelling, bleeding or bone structure damage (Parks, 2003). Without an artificial airway and ventilatory support Mrs James would have struggled to breathe adequately and the potential to become in respiratory arrest. Within scenario B, Mr James had suffered multiple rib fractures causing difficulty in expansion of his lungs. Fractured ribs are amongst the most frequent of injuries sustained to the chest, accounting for over half of the thoracic injuries from non-penetrating trauma (Middle ton, 2003). When ribs are fractured due to the nature and site of the injury there is potential for underlying organ contusions and damage. The consequence of having a flail chest is pain. Painful expansion of the chest would result in inadequate ventilation of the lungs resulting in hypoxia and retention of secretions and the inability to communicate effectively. These combined increase the risk of the patient developing a chest infection and possible respiratory failure and potential to require intubation (Middleton, 2003). The key issue of Intensive Care is to provide patients and relatives with effective communication at all times to ensure that a holistic nursing approach is achieved. Intensive care nurses care for patients predominantly with respiratory failure and over the years have taken on an extended role. They are expected to examine a patient and interpret their findings and results (Booker, 2004). In these situations patient requires supportive treatments as soon as possible. Intensive Care nurse should have the ability and competence to carry out a physical assessment and collect the patients history in a systemic, professional and sensitive approach. Effective communication skills are one of the many essential skills involved in this role. As an Intensive Care nurse, introducing yourself to the patient as soon as possible would be the first step in the history and assessment taking process (Outlined in Appendix A). Whilst introducing yourself there is also the aim to gaining consent for the assessment where possible, in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2008). Conducting a comprehensive clinical history is usually more helpful in making a provisional diagnosis than the physical examination (Ford, 2005). Within Intensive Care the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure/Examination (ABCDE) assessment process is widely used. It is essential for survival that the oxygen is delivered to blood cells and the oxygen cannot reach the lungs without a patent airway. With poor circulation, oxygen does not get transported away from the lungs to the cells (Carr, 2005). The ABCDE approach is a simple approach that all team members use and allows for rapid assessment, co ntinuity of care and the reduction of errors. Communication reflects our social world and helps us to construct it (Weinmann Giles et al 1988). Communication of information, messages, opinions, speech and thoughts are transferred by different forms. Basic communication is achieved by speaking, sign language, body language touch and eye contact, as technology has developed communication has been achieved by media, such as emails, telephone and mobile technology (Aarti, 2010). There are two main ways of communication: Verbal and non verbal. Verbal communication is the simplest and quickest way of transferring information and interacting when face to face. It is usually a two way process where a message is sent, understood and feedback is given (Leigh, 2001). When effective communication is given, what the sender encodes is what the receiver decodes (Zastrow, 2001). Key verbal features of communication are made up of sounds, words, and language. Mr James was alert and orientated and had some ability to communicate; he was breathless due to painful fractured ribs which hindered his verbal communication. In order to help him to breath and communicate effectively, his pain must be controlled. Breathless patients may be only able to speak two or more words at a time, inhibiting conversation. The use of closed questions can allow breathless patients to communicate without exerting themselves. Closed questions such as is it painful when you breathe in? or is your breathing feeling worse? can be answered with non verbal communi cation such as a shake or nod of the head. Taking a patients history in this way can be time consuming and it is essential that the clinician do not make assumptions on behalf of the patient. Alternatively, encouraging patients to use other forms of communication can aid the process. Non verbal communication involves physical aspects such as written or visual of communication. Sign language and symbols are also included in non-verbal communication. Non verbal communication can be considered as gestures, body language, writing, drawing, physiological cues, using communication devices, mouthing words, head nods, and touch (Happ et al:2000, Alasad:2004). Body language, posture and physical contact is a form of non verbal communication. Body language can convey vast amounts of information. Slouched posture, or folded arms and crossed legs can portray negative signals. Facial gestures and expressions and eye contact are all different cues of communication. Although Mr. James could verbal ly communicate, being short of breath and in pain meant that he also needed to use both verbal and non verbal communication styles. A patients stay in Intensive Care can vary from days to months. Although this is a temporary situation and many patients will make a good recovery, the psychological impact may be longer lasting (MacAuley, 2010). When caring for the patient who may be unconscious or sedated and does not appear to be awake, hearing may be one of the last senses to fade when they become unconscious (Leigh, 2000). Sedation is used in Intensive Care units to enable patients to be tolerable of ventilation. It aims to allow comfort and synchrony between the patient and ventilator. Poor sedation can lead to ventilator asynchrony, patient stress and anxiety, and an increased risk of self extubation and hypoxia. Over sedation can lead to ventilator associated pneumonias, cardiac instability and prolonged ventilation and Intensive Care delirium. Delirium is found to be a predictor of death in Intensive Care patients (Page, 2008). Every day a patient spends in delirium has been associated with a 20% increase ri sk of intensive care bed days and a 10% increased risk of morbidity. The single most profound risk factor for delirium in Intensive Care is sedation (Page, 2008) Within this stage of sedation or delirium it is impossible to know what the patients have heard, understood or precessed. Ashworth (1980) recognised that nurses often failed to communicate with unconscious patients on the basis that they were unable to respond. Although, research (Lawrence, 1995) indicates that patients who are unconscious could hear and understand conversations around them and respond emotionally to verbal communication however could not respond physically. This emphasises the importance and the need for communication remains (Leigh, 2001). Neurological status would unavoidably have an effect on Mrs Jamess capacity to communicate in a usual way. It is therefore important to provide Mrs James with all information necessary to reduce her stress and anxieties via the different forms of communication. For the unconscious patient, both verbal communication and non verbal communication are of importance, verbal communication and touch being the most appropriate. There are two forms of touch (Aarti, 2010), firstly a task orientated touch when a patient is being moved, washed or having a dressing changed and secondly a caring touch holding Mrs James hand to explain where she was and why she was there is an example of this. This would enhance communication when informing and reassuring Mrs James that her husband was alive and doing well. Nurses may initially find the process of talking to an unconscious patient embarrassing, pointless or of low importance as it is a one way conversation (Ashworth, 1980) however as previously mentioned researched shows patients have the ability to hear. Barriers to communication may be caused by physical inabilities from the patients however there are many types of other communication barriers. A barrier of communication is where there is a breakdown in the communication process. This could happen if the message was not encoded or decoded as it should have been. If a patient is under sedation, delirious or hard of hearing verbal communication could be misinterpreted. However there could also be barriers in the transfer of communication process as the Intensive Care environment in itself can cause communication barriers. Intensive Care can be noisy environment (Newmarch, 2006). Other barriers can simply include language barriers, fatigue, stress, distractions and jargon. Communication aids can promote effective communication between patient and clinician. Pen and paper is the simplest form of non verbal communication for those with adequate strength (Newmarch, 2006). Weakness of patients can affect the movement of hands and arms making gestures and handwriting frustration and difficult. Patients may also be attached to monitors and infusions resulting in restricted movements which can lead to patients feeling trapped and disturbed (Ashw orth, 1980). MacAulay (2010) mentions that Intensive Care nurses are highly skilled at anticipating the communication needs of patients who are trying to communicate but find the interpretation of their communication time consuming and difficult. The University of Dundee (ICU-Talk, 2010) conducted a three year multi disciplinary study research project to develop and evaluate a computer based communication aid specifically designed for Intensive Care patients. The trial is currently ongoing, however this may become a breakthrough in quick and effective patient clinical and patient relative communication in future care. This assignment has explored communication within Intensive Care and reflected upon previous experiences. Communication involves both verbal and non verbal communication in order to communicate effectively in all situations. Researching this topic has highlighted areas in Intensive Care nursing which may be overlooked, for example ventilator alarms and general noise within a unit may feel like a normal environment for the clinians however for patients and relatives this may cause considerable amounts of concern. Simply giving explanations for such alarms will easily alleviate concerns and provide reassurance. From overall research (Alasad: 2004, Leigh: 2001, MacAuley, 2010: Craig, 2007) Intensive Care nurses believed communication with critically ill patients was an important part of their role however disappointedly some nurses perceived this as time consuming or of low importance when the conversation was one way (Ashworth, 1980). Further education within Intensive Care may be requ ired to improve communication and highlight the importance of communication at all times. Communication is key to ensuring patients receive quality high standard care from a multidisciplinary team, where all members appreciate the skills and contribution that others offer to improve patients care.

Magical Realism in Gabriel Garcia Marqezs A Very Old Man with Enormous

Characteristics of Magical Realism in Gabriel Garcia Marqez's A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings The controversy surrounding Magical Realism makes the classification of what is and what is not Magical Realism very difficult. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a famous Latin American author, has written many pieces of what is generally conceived to be Magical Realism. Marqez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" fulfills every characteristic of Magical Realism.. "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" includes many aspects, which may be described as magical. In the story, an old man with a very poor set of wings is found and kept as a pet for several years. These wings were described by the doctor in the story as "...so natural on that completely human organism that he couldn't understand why other men didn't have them, too" (528). The fact that the old man had wings in the first place seems very acceptable to the characters, and this nonchalance is conveyed to the reader. Marquez also adds to the story the tale of the lady spider. The lady spider has the body of a tarantula and the head of a young girl. She was transformed to this state after sneaking out of her parents home to attend a dance. Witches, wizards, and spells are not used to transform her, simply lightning. The lady spider takes away the old man's mobs of spectators leaving him more ordinary in that he is still around even after his fifteen minutes of fame are over. Another example of magic is the overabundance of crabs. An infestation one can accept easily enough. However, an infestation of crabs so severe the stench alone makes the infant very ill is much more nonrealistic. The use of numbers also seems magical in a sense. The story takes place on the third day of r... ...sailor who remembers his past as a human and is adjusting to his fate as a angel. The angel makes many mistakes with his miracles. However, the family that houses him, though they treat him as inferior, does have a turn of fate because of his existence. The angel brings them wealth when they charge admission to view him. For this family of three, life takes a better turn after giving the old man a chicken coop in which to sleep. Marquez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" fulfills every characteristic of Magical Realism. His short story contains magic that exists in a realistic background. One can easily see why Marquez is such a forerunner in the field of Magical Realism. Works Cited Garcia Marqez, Gabriel: "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings." The Norton Introduction of Literature. Ed. Jerome Beaty. N.Y.: W.W.Norton and Company, 1996. 525-529.

A Search for Global Software IP Rights :: Global Software Computers Essays

A Search for Global Software IP Rights Disclaimer An Engineer wrote this paper. Given the vast topics of Computer Ethics, Software IP, Copyrights and Globalization, this paper was sensibly limited to arguing a position. However, an engineer realizes solutions, which may take time to develop. So even arguing a position can be risky, with a deadline and not knowing much about the topic or methods. Normally, I would write a position to announce a discovery or answer a question or make an assessment on was done or is doable. So I find myself, at square one, not imagining a toy scope for this paper. My search is daunting, uncertain and uncomfortable because there is little time to understand or cover all of the topics or for making discoveries. How much I long to discover something. Most people do not expect to take risks, particularly on subjects that are outside their expertise. It is a shame. Why expect more? I think that engineers may have something to offer. They expect to face unknowns and reach some, and indeed not all conclusion s. So if possible, I want to contribute something to this field of software IP rights, however small but real. Lessons From Mishaps Capability and willingness that engineers possess will not always (or often) lead to good solutions. Mistakes are made, critical flaws missed, etc. Some problems go unsolved for centuries. A paper on â€Å"Paramedic Ethics †¦Ã¢â‚¬  by W. R. Collins and K. W. Miller, recommends evaluating all pairs of interests in a problem.[1] So for x interests, the effort will scale on the Order of x2, which clearly is impractical. Even with this low complexity, it would take 2 months for someone to work 10 minutes on each pair formed from 100 interests. But this is old news. Superscalar design failed at the same thing when attempting to issue more than 4 instructions at a time. Sorting through instructions to find those for issuing requires the same sort of analysis of all pairs (of instructions in a window). However, by offering a method for ethical analysis, the authors indirectly enable us to learn a few things, one, that Uses Cases give order to the interests of an ethical problem, two , that Use Cases do not solve complexity and three, that it is critical to minimize the number of interests that will produce a correct solution. Getting Lost As you can tell, I’m fairly off track from the topic.

Poverty in Egypt Essay

Food crisis, political catastrophe, societal upheavals—these are perhaps the most controversial issues that boggle the minds of the Egyptian masses nowadays. Along with the current political catastrophes that has transcribed in the contemporary milieu, Egypt is considered as a transit country for prostitution, child trafficking and a massive rise of violence (Wenger, 1987, The World Bank, 2008). War in Gaza, smuggling—these problems are said to be the manifestation of poverty, which at hand is the main culprit in swallowing the inhabitants of third world countries (Erlanger, 2008). As a matter of fact, this unprecedented communal catastrophe has long been a major concern by political parties that preventive and charitable measures are given to them each year. Thus such drive for lifting their economy is driven away by civil confrontations that those who intends to help them are hindered to fulfill their duty. Basically, this historical and contemptible country is far from letting their guard down from the hopes of reaching solitude and receiving their respective needs; as the residents themselves are working hard to get a grasp of armistice not only for the sake of keeping their lives but for the verity of achieving worldly acceptance. As a matter of fact, the Egyptian government has developed several steps in aide of helping their constituents live a bountiful life. Thus this dream shall not be made possible without the cooperation of their general public. The situation in Egypt â€Å"Reduce poverty and improve equity in the distribution of income†Ã¢â‚¬â€this is the statistical and economical strategy of their management. The reality in Egypt is known all over the world. Nutritional status and unemployment are apparently the cited â€Å"intrinsically important† fields that the residents are hoping to be resolved. The conceptual argument in this matter is that poverty is identified as â€Å"rupture† in the urbanization process combined with the problems of civil hostilities. Further, if there had been cities which have been granted with the delivery of basic services, it is only the urban areas who eventually enjoys it since that those who badly need it either turn away from the help itself, or has become bleak on the context of improving their lives. To note, there is a huge density in street-vendors and homeless families and Egypt (Development, 2008). World Bank assessed that the numbers that appeared in their data is based on the context of poverty indicators and in layman’s term, it is the multi-faceted feature of having insufficient income. Hence the battle in defeating the odds of reality is too close to call. The price for being less-fortunate With the issue in poverty in mind, scholars and statisticians were able to distinguish the effects of poverty in the community. Such are as follows: the scarcity of opportunity as there is derisory learning or education, nutrition, wellbeing and instruction, or the incapability to find a profession that can completely be in remuneration someone’s obtainable and present aptitude. Hence these are caused of susceptibility, owed to insufficient assets and resources, to impulsive prevalent fiscal distress or even personage fright such as when those who are considered as breadwinners mislay their ability to bring in money for a living (Ravallion and Chen, 2007). Overcoming the societal dilemma Even though these problems have been gradually present for quite a long time already, it should also be considered that the country has been developing in the verge of the 21st century. Their Millennium Development Goals enhanced literacy, mortality and their health status increasing every year and sufficiently, a large piece of the residents are cooperative in such dimension. Furthermore, the brackets that were considered as poor—the tenant farmers and small-scale farmer, landless laborers, unemployed youth and more specifically women—have been found to be positively improving and these are coherent to that of the development in the light of literacy. However, pursuing the dream still needs to be pressed on further and not lose hope despite the hindrances that unfolds before them to be able to sustain the momentum. Conclusions with further remarks Global systems theory is perhaps one of the many theories related to capitalism and transnational corporations. There should be emphasis that children are ‘sacred’ in a sociological sense because of the fact that childrearing and its effects on children reaffirm the belief in the importance of children. It creates a protected space of security, trust and close human connection inasmuch as it illustrates the generous and nurturing characteristic of individuals rather than being individualistic and always inclined for competition (Rudra, 2005). The limitations of quantitative measurements of well-being have long been recognized, and there is a rich tradition of anthropological and sociological work that uses a range of techniques to achieve an in-depth understanding of poverty for project work—broadening understanding of both poverty and the policy process (Lane, 2007). New pockets of poverty are undermining prosperity, making it look more tenuous. The materialist bias is part of a historical legacy, an ancient political responsibility for ensuring that citizens have roofs over their heads, larders with food to eat. While the very meaning of poverty remains the subject of debate, and differences of opinion persist in how to best study the root causes of poverty.

Moderation vs. Extremism

Man is a complex individual. Embodying the gift of life and the challenge of living it, man is faced with challenges brought by the decision he makes in living his life. Through these challenges, he explores his identity and personality. He is able to assess his inherent characteristics, his abilities and skills. The discovery of his potentials will lead him to utilize it in a manner in which he sees fit. The ability to do what he wants in life is attributed to the freedom that he lives.Humans are driven, free, and capable of governing their lives. The need to survive is the challenge that humans continuous to overcome every day. The individual behaves and reacts to the situations and the people around him. He has an idea of what he wants in life and how he should live it to its full potential. Personal reasons such as success or the need for financial resources and a suited career is sometimes included in the reasons why man behaves and reacts towards his surroundings in a certain w ay. All these reasons contribute to what is essential in life, to be happy.It is such a clichà © for people to talk about happiness in the modern times the society now lives in. The information technology era had brought a perception that man is keen to adapt in a fast-paced and complicated life. The modernism ideology has influenced how people thinks and behaves. This can be mostly associated with the need to be famous, or rich. To further understand how man identifies himself with happiness, Socrates’ definition and view regarding happiness can be used to explain how it is. The Greek word â€Å"ethos† is where the word ethics is derived from.Consequently, the word also is defined as â€Å"habit†.(Beebe, 2003) Socrates is one of the several philosophers who explored the definition of habit and character that one must cultivate in order to live. On a greater scale, how should man be and become in this life. Socrates believed that one should settle the definitio n of ethical character as a manifestation of its morality actions.(Beebe, 2003) As an example, when a child discovers his father killed someone, and his father is hunted by the F.B.I, when someone ask him, he would automatically refuse to be truthful about the whereabouts of his father.This is considering the facts that the child admires his father very much and can not imagine his father committing the crime. In that situation, should the child be tagged as a liar and dishonest person, considering the person involved in very dear to him and is a very influential person in his life. Should one doubt the ethical character of the child or understand the reason why he had lied. This is the question that Socrates posted on the idea of ethical values. With the definition of ethics comes the idea of virtue. Virtue is also associated to â€Å"excellence† and can be applied in many aspects of our lives. Socrates posted a question, â€Å"when does someone consider his life to be happ y?† (Beebe, 2003)Beneath the question is the question connecting the idea of virtue and happiness.   Using the definition of virtue, it questions how man can be of his full potential. What can make his life truly happy? In reality, when one person thinks of happiness, it becomes a subjective view on the person’s life. Socrates on the other hand thinks of happiness as an objective feature of one’s life. Socrates also claimed that â€Å"the most important thing is not life, but the good life†.(Beebe, 2003)This statement comes with the idea that the fulfillment of life is the essence of life itself. Happiness is not just the mere smiles and the happy feeling attributed to it, but when everything is wrong, one lives and overcomes it. This is exercised by the ethical and virtuous persons. They consider more of the quality of their lives rather than just the length and living simply the life they ought to live. Understanding Socrates definition of ethics and v irtue, rather than the pursuit of wealth, reputation, prestige and others, one must focus on aspiring to be ethical and virtuous more than anything else.Because these two ideas generates happiness, is a factor of happiness and creates the life with moral quality. Virtue and happiness is both necessary and sufficient to be able to be happy. Being virtuous is necessary to become happy. The idea of living a virtuous life is fulfilling the excellent kind of life a person can fulfill. This is disregarding the material aspirations of one’s life, in return, one gains the ideals of honesty, fairness, and bravery that contributes to the quality of life one lives. These attributes may not give enough material possessions but the morale and quality of life is the result of living the virtuous life.In Socrates famous saying, â€Å"The unexamined life is worth not living†.(Beebe, 2003) To this saying we pose the idea of wisdom and the pursuit of knowledge and reason. Virtuous livin g is having the gift of rationality and the capacity to think critically. The discussion of virtue is also important in the pursuit of happiness. Virtuosity also comes with work. Being virtuous is a process and a pursuit, and together with work, one can achieve happiness. We can therefore say that according to Socrates, one can not be happy without being virtuous, and one can not be virtuous without being wise.BEEBE, J. R. (2003) Socrates on Prozac and Happines. acsu.buffalo.edu.Beebe, James R. â€Å"Socrates on Prozac and Happines†.   2003. Lecture notes. acsu.buffalo.edu. November 27 2006. .Kalin, J.G., Davis, G.S, and Geisler, N.L. â€Å"Determinism†.   2004. November 27 2006. .